Richard Ier d'Angleterre - abbaye de Fontevraud, France
N 47° 10.895 E 000° 03.133
31T E 276660 N 5229559
[FR] Richard Ier d'Angleterre dit Cœur de Lion fut roi d'Angleterre, duc de Normandie, duc d'Aquitaine... [EN] Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death.
Waymark Code: WMFF48
Location: Pays de la Loire, France
Date Posted: 10/09/2012
Views: 15
[FR] Fils d’Henri II d'Angleterre et d’Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Richard est élevé dans le duché d'Aquitaine à la cour de sa mère, ce qui lui vaut dans sa jeunesse le surnom de Poitevin. Il devient comte de Poitiers et duc d’Aquitaine à onze ans. Après la mort subite de son frère aîné le roi Henri le Jeune en 1183, il devient héritier de la couronne d’Angleterre, mais aussi de l’Anjou, de la Normandie et du Maine.
Pendant son règne qui dure une dizaine d’années, il ne séjourne que quelques mois dans le royaume d’Angleterre. Il utilise toutes ses ressources pour partir à la troisième croisade, puis pour défendre ses territoires français contre le roi de France, Philippe Auguste, auquel il s’était pourtant auparavant allié contre son propre père. Ces territoires, pour lesquels il a prêté allégeance au roi Philippe, constituent la plus grande partie de son héritage Plantagenêt.
En son temps, il est considéré comme un héros, et est souvent décrit comme tel dans la littérature. Il est aussi un poète et un écrivain célèbre à son époque, notamment pour ses compositions en langue d'oc.
Le 26 mars 1199, Richard assiège le château de Châlus Chabrol possession du vicomte Adémar V de Limoges, dit Boson. Il est atteint par un carreau d'arbalète tiré par un chevalier de petite noblesse limousine, Pierre Basile. La flèche est retirée mais la gangrène gagne le corps du roi. Richard meurt le 6 avril 1199, onze jours après sa blessure. À sa demande, son corps est enterré près de celui de son père en l’abbaye de Fontevraud (située non loin de Saumur), son cœur repose dans la cathédrale de Rouen, capitale de la Normandie et ses entrailles en l'église (actuellement ruinée) du château de Châlus Chabrol.
[EN] He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was known as Richard Cœur de Lion, or Richard the Lionheart, even before his accession, because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior.
By the age of sixteen, Richard commanded his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father, King Henry II. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he did not reconquer Jerusalem.
Speaking only langue d'oïl and langue d'oc and spending very little time in England (he lived in his Duchy of Aquitaine in the southwest of France, preferring to use his kingdom as a source of revenue to support his armies), he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects. He remains one of the few Kings of England remembered by his epithet, rather than regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure in England and France.
Richard died on 6 April 1199. Richard's heart was buried at Rouen in Normandy, the entrails in Châlus (where he died) and the rest of his body was buried at the feet of his father at Fontevraud Abbey in Anjou.
Description:
See Detailed description.
Date of birth: 09/08/1157
Date of death: 04/06/1199
Area of notoriety: Historical Figure
Marker Type: Other
Setting: Indoor
Visiting Hours/Restrictions: 10 h - 17h 30 closed Monday
Fee required?: Yes
Web site: [Web Link]
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