A graduate of Harvard College, Trotter helped organize the "Boston Literary and Historical Association" in 1901, a forum for militant political thinkers like W. E. B. Du Bois and Oswald Garrison Villard. The same year, he founded The Guardian, a weekly newspaper in which he regularly criticized educator Booker T. Washington for his accomodationist policies. He was also a founder, along with Du Bois, of]] the Niagara Movement in 1905——a precursor of the NAACP.
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.
The house is private and is not open to the public.
William Monroe Trotter (April 7, 1872 - 1934), was born to James Monroe Trotter and Virginia Isaacs Trotter in Chillicothe, Ohio. His father James, son of a Mississippi slave owner, served honorably with the 55th Regiment of the Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Colored during the American Civil War. His mother Virginia Isaacs, according to family tradition, was the great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson and Mary Hemings, the sister of Sally Hemings.
William Monroe TrotterShortly after the war, the Trotters settled in Massachusetts. Their first two children died in infancy, and it was for this reason that young William’s parents had returned to rural Ohio for his birth. At seven months, young William and his parents moved back to Boston where they settled on the South End, far from the predominately African American West Side. The family later moved to suburban Hyde Park, a white neighborhood.
James Trotter was a man who broke through most racial obstacles placed before him. During the Civil War he achieved the rank of 2nd Lieutenant. He was later appointed Recorder of Deeds for the District of Columbia by President Grover Cleveland, a role filled by two other prominent men of color of that era, Fredrick Douglass (1881-1886) and Senator Blanche Kelso Bruce (1891-1893). He undoubtedly instilled similar values in his son William, who graduated Valedictorian and President of his high school class.
William Trotter went on to Harvard University to pursue a career in international banking, graduating Magna Cum Laude in 1895, and becoming the first man of color to be awarded a Phi Beta Kappa key. He went on to earn his M.A. from Harvard in 1896. But, even with all his admirable academic achievements, Trotter hit a racial glass ceiling, frustrated in his efforts to excel in his chosen career. It is for this reason that he finally settled on a career in real estate, and later, newspaper publishing.
On June 27, 1899, he married Geraldine Louise Pindell (October 3, 1872 - October 8, 1918). In 1901, along with Amherst graduate George Forbes, he co-founded the Boston Guardian, setting up shop in the same building that had once housed William Lloyd Garrison’s Liberator. The Guardian’s main target proved to be Booker T. Washington. There were frequent editorials and letters opposing the conservative accommodationist policies of the well known founder of Tuskegee Institute. Along with W. E. B. Du Bois Trotter was a charter member of the Niagara Movement in 1905, an organization of African Americans that renounced the ideas set forth in Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise speech of 1895. Trotter soon left the Niagara Movement to form the National Equal Rights League. The Niagara Movement was instrumental in the later formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1909.
As a political activist, Trotter led protests against segregation in the federal government, and picketed the stage production of Thomas Dixon's Birth of a Nation in Boston, ultimately forcing it to close. In the pages of the Guardian, he decried the plight of the Scottsboro boys. In 1912 Trotter helped support Woodrow Wilson for president, who in turn oversaw the segregation, and later expulsion of African American federal employees. Trotter and a group of African Americans went to the White House to protest President Wilson’s actions. Offended by Trotter’s manner and tone, Wilson banned him from the White House for the remainder of his term in office.
On the night of April 7, 1934, William Monroe Trotter either jumped, or fell to his death at his home in Boston. The cause of death was given as “Unspecified”. It was his 62nd birthday.
In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed William Monroe Trotter on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.
The William Monroe Trotter Elementary School, a K-5 school named for WM Trotter, exists in Dorchester, Massachusetts, not far from where WM Trotters lived during his adult life.
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