Castillo del Papa Luna - Peñíscola, Castellón, España
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member xeocach
N 40° 21.520 E 000° 24.476
31T E 279891 N 4470792
Fortaleza que ocupa la parte más elevada del peñón donde se encuentra la ciudad // Fortress that occupies the highest part of the rock where the city is located
Waymark Code: WM1A0G0
Location: Comunidad Valenciana, Spain
Date Posted: 05/27/2024
Published By:Groundspeak Premium Member pmaupin
Views: 2

[ES] “El Castillo Templario-Pontificio de Peñíscola también conocido como el Catillo del Papa Luna. Comenzó su construcción 1294 y termino en 1307.

Peñíscola está situada al norte de la Comunidad Valenciana, es toda ella una fortaleza completamente amurallada, unida a tierra por una estrecha lengua de arena, que antiguamente desaparecía cuando había tempestad y que hoy está ocupada por la ciudad. Peñíscola es conocida como "la ciudad en el mar" y se encuentra en la Costa de Azahar.

Esta fortaleza fue construida por los caballeros Templarios. Edificaron el castillo a imagen y semejanza de los que antes habían construido en Tierra Santa. El monumento conserva en la actualidad todas las particularidades de una obra templaría siendo uno de los más claros exponentes de dichas características. Muestra una arquitectura gótica de marcado carácter románico puro y estilo cisterciense, austero. Tiene un perímetro de 230 metros y una altura media de veinte metros, y 64 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Destaca su parecido con el castillo de Miravet, construido 150 años antes.

En 1319 con la disolución de la orden del Temple, el castillo pasó a manos de la Orden de Montesa los cuales ampliaron la fortaleza.

En la guerra de sucesión la ciudad se declaró partidaria de Felipe V y resistió los asedios de las fuerzas inglesas del archiduque Carlos en 1705 y 1707. Durante este periodo el castillo será reforzado con nuevas construcciones.

Se encuentra en perfecto estado de conservación, aunque le falte una cuarta parte que se destruyó en 1814; en el transcurso de la guerra de la Independencia. Condenada a un duro e implacable sitio por parte de las tropas españolas que intentaban recuperar la ciudad ocupada por los franceses. Tuvieron de someterla a un fuerte bombardeo que asoló gran parte de las casas cercanas al castillo y parte de la fortaleza, dejando marcas en las murallas.

Después de las guerras carlistas en que la ciudad defendió la causa liberal, la importancia militar de la fortaleza decreció rápidamente.

Tiene el privilegio de haber sido una de las tres Sedes Pontificas, junto con el vaticano y el Palacio de Aviñón. Jaula de oro donde se recluyó Benedicto XIII.

El recinto amurallado dispone de tres puertas: Sant Pere (San Pedro) o del Papa Luna, Portal Fosc o de Felipe II y la puerta de Santa María, esta última del siglo XVIII.

Destaca en las murallas los garitones defensivos, y el escudo del rey Felipe II con el blasón de Portugal.

El castillo está declarado Monumento Histórico Artístico Nacional en 1931.

Es propiedad del Ayuntamiento de Peñíscola.

(Fuente)


[EN] “The Templar-Pontifical Castle of Peñíscola also known as the Castle of Papa Luna. Its construction began in 1294 and ended in 1307.

Peñíscola is located in the north of the Valencian Community, it is a completely walled fortress, joined to the land by a narrow spit of sand, which in the past disappeared when there was a storm and which is today occupied by the city. Peñíscola is known as "the city in the sea" and is located on the Costa de Azahar.

This fortress was built by the Knights Templar. They built the castle in the image and likeness of those they had previously built in the Holy Land. The monument currently preserves all the particularities of a Templar work, being one of the clearest exponents of these characteristics. It shows Gothic architecture with a markedly pure Romanesque character and austere Cistercian style. It has a perimeter of 230 meters and an average height of twenty meters, and 64 meters above sea level. Its resemblance to the Miravet castle, built 150 years earlier, stands out.

In 1319, with the dissolution of the Order of the Temple, the castle passed into the hands of the Order of Montesa, which expanded the fortress.

In the war of succession the city declared itself a supporter of Philip V and resisted the sieges of the English forces of Archduke Charles in 1705 and 1707. During this period the castle will be reinforced with new constructions.

It is in perfect condition, although it is missing a quarter that was destroyed in 1814; during the War of Independence. Condemned to a harsh and implacable siege by the Spanish troops who were trying to recover the city occupied by the French. They had to subject it to a strong bombardment that devastated a large part of the houses near the castle and part of the fortress, leaving marks on the walls.

After the Carlist wars in which the city defended the liberal cause, the military importance of the fortress decreased rapidly.

It has the privilege of having been one of the three Pontifical Sees, along with the Vatican and the Palace of Avignon. Golden cage where Benedict XIII was imprisoned.

The walled enclosure has three gates: Sant Pere (Saint Peter) or Papa Luna, Portal Fosc or Felipe II and the Santa María gate, the latter from the 18th century.

The defensive garitons and the shield of King Philip II with the coat of arms of Portugal stand out on the walls.

The castle was declared a National Historic-Artistic Monument in 1931.

It is owned by the Peñíscola City Council.”

(Source)

The year the "Fort" was constructed or started.: 1307

Name of "Country" or "Nation" that constructed this "Fort": España

Was this "Fort" involved in any armed conflicts?: Yes it was

What was the primary purpose of this "Historic Fort"?: Used for defence of a border or land claim.

Current condition: Edificio visitable

This site is administered by ----: Ayuntamiento de Peñíscola - Diputación de Castellón

If admission is charged -: 5.00 (listed in local currency)

Open to the public?: Restricted hours -Admission charged

Official or advertised web-page: Not listed

Link to web-site that best describes this "Historic Fort": Not listed

Link if this "Fort" is registered on your Countries/ State "Registry of Historical Sites or Buildi: Not listed

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