Petra Timeline:
"B.C. 200-50 The nomadic Nabataeans settle in Petra.
B.C. 100 Nabataeans gain control of trade in the region.
B.C. 50 The city of Petra is the capital of the Nabataean
Kingdom.
A.D. 106 Rome takes over Petra. It becomes a Roman Province
with a Roman governor.
A.D. 330 The first Christian emperor, Constantine I, shifted
his capital eastward from Rome to Byzantium.
A.D. 350 Christianity spreads and large churches are built in
Petra.
A.D. 363 Earthquake destroys a large portion of Petra.
Late A.D. 300s Roman rule over Petra collapses.
Early A.D. 600s Muslim Arabs arrive, and Petra comes under Islamic
rule.
A.D. 1812 Western explorers "rediscover" Petra.
A.D. 1993 Petra becomes a national park, a protected
archaeological site."
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The city of Petra was established by the Nabateans, an Arab Bedouin tribe. In 106 AD, when Cornelius Palma was governor of Syria, that part of Arabia under Petra rule was incorporated into the Roman Empire as part of Arabia Petraea, and Petra became its capital.
The many buildings in Petra were built by the Nabataeans and by the Romans. However, there is a clear difference. The Nabataeans have carved their temples and dwellings directly into the rocks. The Romans used carved boulders to build with.
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