Batalha dos Atoleiros - Fronteira, Portugal
Posted by: 
Torgut
N 39° 03.127 W 007° 38.660
29S E 617305 N 4323434
The battle of Atoleiros was fought during the Crisis of 1383-85, a war of succession between the kingdoms of Portugal and Castilla, nowadays sometimes referred as Spain.
Waymark Code: WM11T0X
Location: Portalegre, Portugal
Date Posted: 12/13/2019
Views: 4
On this place, near the village of Fronteira, took place the Battle of Atoleiros. The day was the 6th of April 1384 and an invading Castillian army met the Portuguese army.
There are a couple of particularities regarding this battle. One of them was the fact that the two opposing generals were brothers. Another, the fact that although the Castillians suffered heave casualties, not a single one was suffered by the Portuguese.
There is an interpretation center on the spot, although it's closed from Saturday to Monday.
From Wikipedia:
(
visit link)
"The Battle of Atoleiros (Portuguese pronunciation: [?tu'l?j?u?]) took place on 6 April 1384, between a Portuguese force and a punitive expedition from Castile sent by John I. The battle took place near the population centre of the same name in Alentejo. It was the first major battle of the 1383–1385 Crisis.
Nuno Álvares Pereira had been chosen to protect the frontier in this area, amid fear that a Castilian force could enter Portugal here. He left Lisbon with 1,000 infantry, adding to the strength of his forces on his way to Atoleiros. The Castilian army consisted of some 6,000 men, mostly cavalry, which was besieging the village of Fronteira. As Pereira approached, the Castilians sent an emissary to him, attempting to persuade him to retire. He refused, and the Castilians advanced to meet him, lifting the siege. The Portuguese formed a defensive square. In the short battle that followed, the Castilian cavalry was unable to break the Portuguese formation, suffering heavy losses. The Portuguese suffered none, and the Castilians withdrew.
The battle of Atoleiros represents the first effective use of “square tactics” on the battleground. This tactic, in which groups of infantry armed with both missile and hand-to-hand weapons defended themselves from all directions, was so successful that it was still in use over 500 years later during the Napoleonic Wars against mass French cavalry attacks, and during the Zulu War against huge masses of predominantly spear-armed infantry. It was especially effective when the infantry had to fight against strong cavalry."