Lindos, Greece
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member SMacB
N 36° 05.441 E 028° 05.156
35S E 597762 N 3994552
Lindos is an archaeological site, a fishing village and a former municipality on the island of Rhodes, in the Dodecanese, Greece. It lies on the east coast of the island, about 50 km south of the town of Rhodes.
Waymark Code: WM11FP4
Location: Greece
Date Posted: 10/15/2019
Published By:Groundspeak Premium Member bluesnote
Views: 6

"Lindos is an archaeological site, a fishing village and a former municipality on the island of Rhodes, in the Dodecanese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Rhodes, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 178.9 km2. It lies on the east coast of the island. It is about 50 km south of the town of Rhodes and its fine beaches make it a popular tourist and holiday destination. Lindos is situated in a large bay and faces the fishing village and small resort of Charaki.

Lindos was founded by the Dorians led by the king Tlepolemus of Rhodes, who arrived in about the 10th century BC. It was one of six Dorian cities in the area known as the Dorian Hexapolis. The eastern location of Rhodes made it a natural meeting place between the Greeks and the Phoenicians, and by the 8th century Lindos was a major trading centre. In the 6th century it was ruled by Cleobulus, one of the Seven Sages of Greece. The importance of Lindos declined after the foundation of the city of Rhodes in the late 5th century BC.

In classical times the acropolis of Lindos was dominated by the massive temple of Athena Lindia, which attained its final form in around 300 BC. In Hellenistic and Roman times the temple precinct grew as more buildings were added. In early medieval times these buildings fell into disuse, and in the 14th century they were partly overlaid by a massive fortress built on the acropolis by the Knights of St John to defend the island against the Ottomans.

Above the modern town rises the acropolis of Lindos, a natural citadel which was fortified successively by the Greeks, the Romans, the Byzantines, the Knights of St John and the Ottomans. This makes the site difficult to excavate and interpret archaeologically. The acropolis has views of the surrounding harbours and coastline.

On the acropolis of Lindos today parts of the following buildings may still be seen:
Rhodian trireme

The Doric Temple of Athena Lindia, dating from about 300 BC, built on the site of an earlier temple. Inside the temple is the table of offerings and the base of the cult statue of Athena.
The Propylaea of the Sanctuary, also dating from the 4th century BC. A monumental staircase leads to a D-shaped stoa and a wall with five door openings.
The Hellenistic stoa with lateral projecting wings, dating from about 200 BC. The stoa was 87 metres long and consisted of 42 columns.
The well-known relief of a Rhodian trireme (warship) cut into the rock at the foot of the steps leading to the acropolis. On the bow stood a statue of General Hagesander, the work of the sculptor Pythokritos. The relief dates from about 180 BC.
The Hellenistic staircase (2nd century BC) leading to the main archaeological area of the acropolis.
Remains of a Roman temple, possibly dedicated to the Emperor Diocletian and dating from about 300 AD.
The Acropolis is surrounded by a Hellenistic wall contemporary with the Propylaea and the stairway leading to the entrance to the site. A Roman inscription says that the wall and square towers were repaired at the expense of P Aelius Hagetor, the priest of Athena in the 2nd century AD.
The Castle of the Knights of St John, built some time before 1317 on the foundations of older Byzantine fortifications. The walls and towers follow the natural conformation of the cliff. A pentagonal tower on the south side commanded the harbour, the settlement and the road from the south of the island. There was a large round tower on the east facing the sea and two more, one round and the other on a corner, on the northeast side of the enceinte. Today one of the towers at the southwest corner and one to the west survive.
The Greek Orthodox Church of St John, dating from the 13th or 14th century and built on the ruins of a previous church, which may have been built as early as the 6th century."

SOURCE - (visit link)


"H Líndos eínai énas paradosiakós oikismós sto nisí tis Ródou. Échei ploúsia istoría, kathós ítan mia apó tis treis archaíes póleis tou nisioú kai aftí me tin pio ploúsia naftikí parádosi. Eínai i genéteira tou Kleóvoulou, enós apó tous eptá sofoús tis archaiótitas: tou Chári, tou glýpti tou perífimou Kolossoú: tou Panaítiou, tou filosófou pou eisígage ti stoikí filosofía sti Rómi.

O paráktios aftós oikismós vréchetai apó to nótio Aigaío kai apéchei perípou 55 chlm. apó tin póli tis Ródou, evriskómenos sto akrotírio Krána ton anatolikón aktón tou nisioú. Ta grafiká stená sokákia, oi ómorfes paralíes, i exairetikí théa tou pelágous, allá kyríos i akrópoli tis Líndou, pou despózei páno apó ton oikismó, échoun katastísei ti Líndo dimofilí touristikó proorismó. I akrópoli, eidikótera, chtisméni se mia fysikí ochyromatikí thési, axiopoiíthike apó tin archí tis istorías tis Líndou kai eínai synyfasméni, óchi apokleistiká me tin istoría tis Líndou, allá me tin istoría olóklirou tou nisioú. Aftón ton mikró chóro, ton axiopoíisan kai áfisan se aftón simádia tis parousías tous oi archaíoi Éllines, oi Romaíoi, oi Vyzantinoí kai oi Ioannítes Ippótes. I Líndos eínai mazí me tin Palaiochóra Chaníon éna apó ta thermótera méri tis Elládas, me mési etísia thermokrasía 21,4 °C (2015).

Sýmfona me tin parádosi, o theós Ílios ítan o kýrios tou nisioú  kai ótan ésmixe me ti nýmfi Ródo tou édose to ónomá tis. O theós Ílios me ti Ródo génnisan eftá gious, tous Iliádes. Mia afígisi pou polloí syschetízoun me ti Líndo anaférei pos, ótan oi Iliádes andróthikan, o Ílios tous apokálypse óti oi prótoi pou tha teloúsan thysía sti theá Athiná, tha eíchan gia pánta tin évnoiá tis. Prágmati, oi Iliádes thysíasan prótoi sti theá, allá páno sti viasýni tous den ékapsan ta thýmatá tous prin ta prosféroun stous vomoús. Gia aftó to lógo parémeine i parádosi ton ápyron thysión sti theá Athiná sto nisí. Argótera ómos, tésseris apó tous Iliádes éginan adelfoktónoi, kathós skótosan ton Tenági kai ótan i práxi tous égine gností anankástikan na fýgoun gia álla méri. Móno oi dyo pou de meteíchan ston fóno parémeinan sti Ródo. O Óchimos, os megalýteros, égine igemónas olóklirou tou nisioú. Ton diadéchthike o adelfós tou, o Kérkafos kai aftón oi treis gioi tou, o Kámeiros, o Iálysos kai o Líndos, pou moírasan to nisí se tría méri kai o kathénas éktise mia póli me to ónomá tou.

Énas állos mýthos léei pos, ótan o Danaós éfyge apó tin Aígypto me tis kóres tou, katéplefse sti Líndo, ópou égine dektós me thérmi apó tous katoíkous. Aftós ítan pou échtise to ieró tis Lindías Athinás kai afiérose éna ágalma sti theá, prin ekpléfsei gia to Árgos. Ti théa tímise kai o Kádmos pou, anazitóntas tin adelfí tou, Evrópi, anankástike na stamatísei kai aftós sto nisí lógo tis kakokairías.

Aftá léne oi mýthoi gia to chtísimo tou oikismoú kai tou ieroú tis Athinás. Oi archaiologikés érevnes stin evrýteri periochí tis Líndou échoun apokalýpsei evrímata tis neolithikís periódou, tis epochís tou Chalkoú kai ton mykinaïkón chrónon. Ópos ektimoún oi eidikoí, i Líndos chtístike metá ton 11o ai. p.CH., ótan to nisí apoikístike apó tous Dorieís. Katá tin archaïkí epochí, i Líndos me tis álles dyo póleis tis Ródou, tin Kámiro kai tin Ialysó, allá kai tin póli tis Ko kai tis póleis tis Knídou kai tis Alikarnassoú schimátisan ti legómeni Dorikí Exápoli, pou eíche os thriskeftikó kéntro ton naó tou Triópiou Apóllonos sti chersóniso tis Knídou.

Tous epómenous aiónes oi Líndioi, eíte mónoi tous, eíte se synergasía me tous állous Ródious í kai állous Éllines drastiriopoioúntai éntona stin ídrysi apoikión: ti Ródi sti makriní Iviría kai stin Italía: tin Parthenópi kai, mazí me tous Kóous, tis Elpíes sti Davnía . Oi Sóloi stin Kilikía chtístikan apó Lindíous kai Achaioús . Líndioi échtisan kai ti Fasilída sti Lykía, enó perípou to 688 p.CH. Líndioi mazí me Krítes apoíkous échtisan ti Géla sti Sikelía. Sýmfona me to Chronikó tis Líndou, oi Líndioi élavan méros ston apoikismó tis Kyrínis kai tis Sývaris. O Diódoros o Sikelós léei pos i Lipára apoikístike apó Knidíous kai Rodíous, to ídio kai i Sými, enó i Nísyros apoikístike apó Rodíous, metá apó mia epidimía pou afánise tous Kóous apoíkous. Télos, perípou to 550 p.CH. Ródioi mazí me polloús állous Éllines chtízoun ti Nafkrátida stin Aígypto.
Xylografía tou Kleovoúlou, sto érgo tou Guillaume Rouillé Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)

Katá ton 6o ai. p.CH. ézise kai kyvérnise ti Líndo os týrannos o Kleóvoulos, énas apó tous eptá sofoús tis archaiótitas. Ton 5o aióna oi Líndioi kóvoun to próto tous nómisma. Stous Persikoús polémous, metá tin atelésfori ekstrateía tou Mardóniou to 492 p.CH, organóthike mia néa ekstrateía me epikefalís tous Dáti kai Artaférni. Oi Pérses, afoú synkéntrosan éna megálo strátevma stin Kilikía, xekínisan mia eisvolí apó thalássis. Sýmfona me to Chronikó tis Líndou, oi Pérses poliórkisan tin póli tis Líndou to 490 p.CH., allá chári sti thavmatourgikí parémvasi tis theás Athinás, i Líndos sóthike. Metá to télos ton Persikón polémon kai oi treis póleis tis Ródou symmeteíchan sti Diliakí Symmachía apodídontas fóro sto tameío ypér tis ekstrateías katá ton Persón.

O afxanómenos aftarchismós ton Athinaíon kai sti synécheia o Peloponnisiakós pólemos, pou éfere tous Rodíous, os méli tis Diliakís Symmachías, enántia stous omófylous (Dorieís) Spartiátes, prokálesan éntones esoterikés anatarachés. Paróla aftá, oi Ródioi symmeteíchan sti Sikelikí ekstrateía tou 415 - 413 p.CH. me 2 pentikontórous kai 700 sfendonítes, katá tin opoía anankástikan málista na polemísoun enántia stous ídious toús tous apoíkous, tous Gelóous.

To 412 p.CH. me ti symvolí tou Ialýsiou Doriéa, pou polemoúse sto plevró ton Spartiatón, i Líndos, ópos kai oi dyo álles póleis tis Ródou, apostátisan apó tin Athinaïkí symmachía kai systratéfthikan me tin Spárti kai tous symmáchous tis. Líga chrónia argótera, to 408/407 p.CH. oi polítes tis Ialysoú, tis Kamírou kai tis Líndou pragmatopoíisan ton legómeno synoikismó chtízontas tin póli tis Ródou kai enónontas ta tría palaiá kráti tous. Éktote, i Líndos diatírise énan defterévonta rólo, kathós i protévousa Ródos égine to kéntro tis Politeías pou kathórize tin moíra olóklirou tou nisioú.

I Líndos synéchise na échei énan vathmó typikís aftodioíkisis, afoú oi mastroí kai o laós tis Líndou elámvanan apofáseis gia diadikastiká zitímata, ópos i eklogí ieréon, ierothytón/ieropoión ktl. To ieró tis Athinás diatírise tin aígli tou, ópos faínetai apó to gegonós óti perífimoi vasileís epélexan na timísoun ti Lindiá Athiná me afierómata - Aléxandros o Mégas, Ptolemaíos o Sotír, Pýrros, Fílippos E?. Tin ellinistikí epochí, katá tin epochí tis megális akmís tis Rodiakís Politeías, i akrópoli tis Líndou élave idiaíteri frontída. Metá apó mia katastreptikí pyrkagiá (perípou to 342 p.CH.) o naós anoikodomíthike stin telikí tou morfí, enó chtístikan entyposiaká propýlaia, stoá kai teíchos. Ítan perípou tin ídia epochí, pou énas Líndios, o mathitís tou Lysíppou, o glýptis Cháris anélave tin kataskeví tou perífimou Kolossoú, enós gigantiaíou chálkinou agálmatos afieroménou ston prostáti tis Ródou, ton theó Ílio.

Sto télos tis akmís tis Rodiakís Politeías, i chóra, an kai typiká aftónomi, exartíthike apó to Romaïkó krátos. Tóte, genníthike sti Líndo o filósofos Panaítios, pou égine schólarchos ton Stoikón kai pou theoreítai pos eisígage ti stoikí filosofía sti Rómi.

An kai den perigráfontai pollés leptoméreies gia to symván, katá tin g? apostolikí periodeía tou, o Apóstolos Pávlos pérase kai apó ti Ródo kai kíryxe ton Christianismó. Sýmfona me tin parádosi, apovivástike sti Líndo, se éna simeío pou símera férei to ónomá tou (órmos tou Agíou Pávlou).

Se antíthesi me tis álles dyo archaíes póleis tis Ródou, pou katá ton Mesaíona paríkmasan kai éftasan se simeío merikís í kai olikís enkatáleipsis, o oikismós tis Líndou katoikeítai adiáleipta. Katá tin Vyzantiní epochí ta teíchi tis akrópolis élavan idiaíteri frontída, kathós o chóros axiopoiíthike os froúrio. I simasía tou frouríou tis Líndou martyreítai apó éna symván perí to 1248, me tin katálipsi tis polis tis Ródou apó Genouátes. Tóte, o aftokrátoras Ioánnis G? Doúkas Vatátzis apésteile sto nisí ton Doúka ton Thrakisíon Ioánni Kantakouzinó, pou me ligostés dynámeis katélave ta froúria tis Líndou kai tou Filerímou kai ta axiopoíise os vási gia tis epithéseis katá ton Genouatón.

I thési tis Líndou eínai tétoia pou échei stratigikí simasía gia ton élencho tis ypaíthrou tou nisioú. Gia aftó to lógo kai metá tin katálipsi tis Ródou apó tous Ioannítes Ippótes, to kástro tis Líndou élave idiaíteri prosochí, me syntírisi kai epéktasi ton progenésteron Vyzantinón ochyróseon. Málista, to kástro tis Líndou ítan to ischyrótero metá apó aftó tis pólis tis Ródou.

Kai tin epochí tis Tourkokratías axiopoiíthike to froúrio tis Líndou. Stis archés tou 20ou aióna, oi Danoí archaiológoi Kinch kai Blinkenberg pragmatopoíisan érevnes sti nótia Ródo kai stin akrópoli tis Líndou. Ta evrímatá tous metaférthikan kai ektíthentai sto Mouseío tis Kopenchágis. Metá tin katálipsi tis Ródou apó to Vasíleio tis Italías, Italoí archaiológoi pragmatopoíisan érevnes se óli ti Ródo. Stin akrópoli tis Líndou oi érevnes den ítan paragogikés óson aforá to plíthos ton evrimáton, anagnorízontas ómos ti simasía tou chórou prochórisan se ergasíes anastílosis. Ti synéchisi ton ergasión aftón anélave i Ellinikí Archaiologikí Ypiresía apó to 1948, metá tin epísimi ensomátosi tis Dodekanísou sto Vasíleio tis Elládas.

Me tin efarmogí tou prográmmatos Kapodístrias, i Líndos eíche gínei édra tou dímou Lindíon, pou péran apó ti Líndo perielámvane dioikitiká tis koinótites: Kálathos, Pylónas, Lárdos kai Láerma. Me tin efarmogí tou prográmmatos Kallikrátis o dímos Lindíon entáchthike os Dimotikí Enótita Lindíon ston eniaío dímo Ródou."

PIGI - (sýndesmos epískepsis)

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