Coat of arms over the tower arch at the west end of All Saints' church, Culmstock. Described as 'Georgian'.
The balzon on this coat of arms was used from 1714 to 1801 and used by King George I, George II and George III.
"Parish Church. C15 but built in more than one phase, some may be as late as early C16, renovated 1879. Local limestone rubble with larger more neatly dressed quoins; Hamstone and Beerstone ashlar detail; slate roof. Plan: nave with clerestorey (an unusual feature for Devon), lower chancel, north and south aisles, west tower with semi-octagonal stair turret projecting from its south-east corner. South porch. Baptistry projecting from north aisle. C19 vestry on north side of chancel. Exterior: tall west tower of 3 stages with set back buttresses and embattled parapet with corner pinnacles (each one surmounted by a wrougnt iron weather vane). The corner water spouts are carved as gargoyles. Hamstone belfry windows are 2 lights with Perpendicular tracery. On the west side is an original doorway; a 2- centred arch of volcanic stone with moulded surround, now containing C19 doors. Directly above is a tall 4-light Beerstone window with Perpendicular tracery. Around the rest of the church all the windows have Perpendicular tracery; most are C19 replacements but some are original. The clerestorey has an 3 2-light windows each side. The south aisle has an embattled parapet which is carried round the porch which interrupts tne 3 3-light Hamstone window front. The porch has a low gabled front and a 2-centred Hamstone outer arch with moulded surround. The rest of the windows are Beerstone. On the south side of the chancel there are 2 2-light windows with a narrow priests door between, and at the east end a tall 3-light window. The C19 leanto vestry has square-headed windows in Perpendicular style. The south aisle has 3-light windows and there is a gabled baptistry projecting opposite the porch and contains 2-light windows. Interior: the porch has a vaulted stone roof with ornate carved boss of probably late C15 - early C16 date although there is some suspicion that the porch is a C19 replacement. The south door is a 2-centred arch with moulded surround and contains a C19 panelled door. The nave roof is a plastered vault maybe as early as the C18. Both aisles have similar low pitch leanto roofs of moulded intersecting beams with carved bosses. The chancel has a C19 wagon roof with boarded back and carved bosses. The tower has a late C15 -early C16 ringing floor carried on moulded intersecting beams. Baptistry has a C19 roof. Tall plain tower arch. Each side of the nave has a 4-bay arcade. Both have similar moulded piers (Pevsners type A) with moulded caps to the shafts only. However the north aisle is built of Beerstone whereas the southern one is Hamstone. A hagioscope connects the east end of the south side and the chancel. Hamstone piscina in south aisle. Aisles and nave have stone flag floors. Chancel and baptistry have floors of patterned C19 encaustic tiles. The C19 Beerstone reredos is carved in Perpendicular Gothic style as a blind arcade, the centre panel of which is more ornate. Trefoil-headed piscina in south wall. C19 altar table. Sanctuary contains 2 C17 chip-carved oakchairs. C19 oak altar rail on wrought iron twisted standards. C19 oak stalls in Gothic style, and pulpit in similar style. C19 oak eagle lectern. C19 pine benches with ends carved as blind tracery. C20 tower screen. At the time of this survey the font had been removed for restoration. No monuments of more than local interest. Painted board over tower arch of Georgian arms. A plaque to rear of the north aisle records the "enlarging" of the church by an additional 250 sittings in 1825. Some painted C19 glass. The church plays an important role in the townscope of Culmstock and indeed in this part of the Culm valley."
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"The Georgian era is a period in British history from 1714 to c.?1830–37, named after the Hanoverian kings George I, George II, George III and George IV. The sub-period that is the Regency era is defined by the regency of George IV as Prince of Wales during the illness of his father George III. The definition of the Georgian era is often extended to include the relatively short reign of William IV, which ended with his death in 1837.
Timeline
1714
Upon the death of his second cousin Queen Anne, George Louis, Elector of Hanover succeeds as the new King, George I, of Great Britain and Ireland, the former of which had itself been established in 1706. This is the beginning of the House of Hanover's reign over the British Crown.
1715
The Whig Party wins the British Parliamentary Election for the House of Commons. This party is dominant until 1760.
1727
George I dies on 11 June. His son George, Prince of Wales ascends to the throne as George II
1746
The final Jacobite rising is crushed at the Battle of Culloden.
1760
George II dies on 25 October, and his grandson George, Prince of Wales ascends to the throne as George III, since his father, Frederick, Prince of Wales, had died on 31 March 1751.
1763
Britain is victorious in the Seven Years' War. The Treaty of Paris of 1763 grants Britain domain over vast new territories around the world.
1765
The Stamp Act is passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, causing much unrest in the Thirteen Colonies in North America.
1769–1770
Australia and New Zealand are claimed as British colonies.
1773
The Inclosure Act 1773 is put into place by the British Parliament. This act brought about the enclosure of land and removing the right of common land access. This began an internal mass movement of rural poor from the countryside into the cities.
1775
The War of Independence begins in the Thirteen Colonies, specifically in Massachusetts.
1776
The Thirteen Colonies in North America declare their independence from the British Crown and British Parliament.
1781
The British Army in America under Lord Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington after its defeat in Yorktown, Virginia in October 1781.
1783
Great Britain formally recognises the independence of the original 13 American States when the Treaty of Paris of 1783 is signed by David Hartley, representing George III, and by the American treaty delegation.
1788
Australia is settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January.
1789
Thomas Robert Malthus, an Anglican cleric authors An Essay on the Principle of Population. This work, the origin of Malthusianism, posited a need for population control to avoid poverty and famine or conflict over scare resources.
1801
The Act of Union 1800 comes into effect on 1 January, uniting the Kingdoms of Great Britain and of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1807
The Abolition of the Slave Trade Act became law, making it illegal to engage in the slave trade throughout the British Empire, partly as a result of a twenty-year parliamentary campaign by William Wilberforce.
1811
George, Prince of Wales begins his nine-year period as the regent (he became known as George, Prince Regent) for George III, who had become delusional. This sub-period of the Georgian Era is known as the Regency era.
1815
Napoleon I of France is defeated by the Seventh Coalition under The Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo, in what is now Wallonia, Belgium.
1819
The Peterloo Massacre occurs.
1820
George III dies on 29 January, and his son George, Prince Regent ascends to the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as George IV.
1830
George IV dies on 26 June. According to some authorities, this is the end of the Georgian era of the House of Hanover. However, many other authorities continue this era during the relatively short reign of his younger brother, The Prince William, Duke of Clarence, who became William IV.
1833
Slavery Abolition Act passed by Parliament through the influence of William Wilberforce and the Evangelical movement, thus criminalising slavery within the British Empire.
1837
William IV dies on 20 June, ending the Georgian Era. In the United Kingdom, he was succeeded by his niece, Queen Victoria, the last member of the House of Hanover. She married Prince Albert, who was of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and so, when their son Albert Edward, Prince of Wales succeeded as Edward VII, that House gained the British throne. In the Kingdom of Hanover, William IV is succeeded by his younger brother, Ernest Augustus."
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