The town of Raspenava lies in the Frýdlantský výbežek, six kilometres southeast of Frýdlant at the northern foot of the Jizera Mountains. It lies on both sides of the Smedá River. The first written mention of the village dates back to 1343.
The first settlers probably came from Lusatia. The original village was located only on the left bank of the Smedá River and was named Wildenau (Wild Niva), perhaps to distinguish it from the neighbouring villages on the right bank. These villages were Luh (Mildenau) and Lužec (Mildeneichen).
Together with the settlement of Peklo, which from 1784 bore the official name Karolin Valley (Karolinthal) in honour of the wife of the estate owner, Karolina J. Clam-Gallas, these villages were merged into the town of Raspenava in 1962.
The village was originally agricultural in character, but later also developed a mineral processing industry. Since 1512, there has been a hammer mill at the confluence of the Smedá and Sloupský brook, as well as an ironworks processing local and imported ore. There was also a lime kiln on Vápenný vrch.
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