
Canada House - Trafalgar Square, London, UK
N 51° 30.457 W 000° 07.747
30U E 699223 N 5710184
Canada House, the work of Robert Smirke, dominates the west side of Trafalgar Square. Before becoming Canada House the building was the Royal College of Physicians.
Waymark Code: WMFKY4
Location: London, United Kingdom
Date Posted: 11/01/2012
Views: 35
Te building is Grade II* listed and the
entry at the English Heritage webiste [visit
link] tells us:
"Canada House (including 5.2.70 the
former Royal College of Physicians) G.V. II* Institutional building. 1824-27 by
Sir Robert Smirke as premises for the Royal College of Physicians and the Union
Club, altered on conversion as Canada House by Septimus Warwick. Bath stone,
slate and lead roofs. Unified composition occupying the west side of the square
with porticoes to north (Pall Mall East) to the square and to the south
(Cockspur Street), in dignified and scholarly Greek Revival characteristic of
Smirke. 2 storeys, basement and wings and attic over centre as built with
additional (and top heavy) attics provided over centre for Canada House. 15
windows wide to Trafalgar Square with former central entrance now window, in
tetrastyle portico in antis composed of giant engaged Ionic columns contained by
advanced giant pilastered bays. Recessed glazing bar sash windows. The wings
either side of centre-Piece articulated in shallow projection and recession, the
advanced bays with same giant pilaster order as that flanking centrepiece and
the central recessed portion of each wing with 3 close-set windows as tripartite
group. Main entablature over 1st floor and attic storey with cornice and
balustraded parapet. Heightened attics,over centre. The return to Pall Mall East
retains original hexastyle Ionic portico (the entrance to the former Royal
College of Physicians); to Cockspur Street a giant Ionic tetrastyle portico
rebuilt by Septimus Warwick as entrance to Canada House. The interior of the
former royal College of Physicians is least altered with fine entrance hall with
Greek Doric column screen to staircase, of Club design (et Athenaeum), main
reception room, library and lecture room, all with restrained Grecian
decoration, etc. The interior of Canada House more altered, but retaining
Smirke's design in the High Commissioner's Room and in modified form the
principal staircase etc. The siting of this institutional building on the west
side of Trafalgar Square was programmed in Nash's Metropolitan Improvements of
1824-26."
The John Madjack Fuller website [visit link] has a
biography for Smirke.:
"Smirke is credited with designing
both the Observatory and Greek Temple (also known as the Rotunda Temple) on
Fuller's Rose Hill Estate, Brightling, Sussex. The Observatory was fitted
with expensive astronomical equipment including a "Camera Obscura".
Several
intriguing questions surround these buildings. Who was the astronomer who
operated the equipment? Did Fuller and his entertain his friends at the
Temple?
Sir Robert Smirke came from a
family involved in the arts. His father, also Robert (1752-1845), was a
historical painter and book illustrator. His younger brother Sydney (1798-1877)
was an architect.
Although Smirke worked on private
buildings in the Gothic Revival and Medieval styles, he is best known as an
architect of public Neo-Classical/Greek Revival buildings. The British Museum
(1823 -1847) and Canada House (1824) in London are two of the best known public
buildings credited to Smirke.
His first commission was Lowther
Castle built in 1806 when he was a mere lad of 25. Smirke was knighted in
1832, and received the RIBA (Royal Institute of British Architects) Gold Medal
for Architecture in 1853. He died in Cheltenham on April 18th
1867
Eastnor Castle
'Eastnor Castle,
in the dramatic setting of the Malvern Hills and surrounded by a beautiful deer
park, arboretum and lake - is the home of the Hervey-Bathurst
family.
The style proposed by the
architect, the young Robert Smirke, was Norman Revival. From a distance, Eastnor
was intended to create the impression of a medieval fortress guarding the Welsh
Borders. The symmetry of the design emphasised authority, distinguishing it from
the rambling, picturesque, castellated mansions of a slightly earlier period at
Downton and Lowther, the latter also designed by
Smirke.'"