Located at the Place de la Concorde, these fountains have two similar themes. One fountain represents France's maritime spirit with shells, corals, pearls, semi-nude figures, etc. The second fountain represents France's two main rivers...the Rhine and the Rhone with depictions of figures carrying fruits and harvests.
Wikipedia (
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"They were designed by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, and completed in 1840 during the reign of King Louis-Philippe...After the 1830 July Revolution, the new King, Louis-Philippe, renamed the square Place de la Concorde and rejected the earlier project for the Place. In 1831, when the viceroy of Egypt, Mohammed Ali, gave the King the gift of an obelisk dating from the time of Ramses II from Luxor, Louis-Philippe selected Hittorff to design a setting for the obelisk in time for the 1833 July festival, intended to commemorate the anniversary of his rule. Shortly afterwards Louis-Philippe gave him a commission to redesign the entire square.
Hittorff worked on the design for the square and for four fountains from 1833 to 1840, consulting closely with Claude Philibert Barthelot Rambuteau, the Prefect of the Seine. The principal influence on his fountain designs were the twin fountains in Piazza San Pietro in Rome, which also are placed on either side on an obelisk, and which Hittdorff had seen on a visit to Rome in the 1820s. Another influence was Piazza Navona in Rome, where two fountains were placed on either side of an obelisk. Like the fountains of Piazza Navona, the Fontaines de la Concorde were placed on an axis that connected the Church of the Madeleine and the Rue Royale to the north and the bridge to the Palais Bourbon to the south.
Twelve different sculptors worked on the statuary of the fountains, closely supervised by Hittorff, who made sure that the entire ensemble would be harmonious and balanced. A prominent feature of the design of both fountains was a mushroom-shaped cap above the central vasque. Water was to jet from the top of the cap and then cascade downward into a circular vasque, then down into a large circular basin below.[2] The major figures of the fountains were made of cast iron, florentined, or painted with bronze and gold paint. The smaller figures of the tritons and nereids were made of bronze.
Between 1833 and 1840, Hittdorff modified the plans several times. In 1835, when a government committee reported that the water supply would not be sufficient for four new fountains, he reduced the number to two. The obelisk was put in place on the square on October 25, 1836. Both fountains were completed in May, 1840.
In 1862-63, the fountains were restored, and the bronze and gold paint was replaced with a bronze coating.
The sculptors who worked on the fountain were:
Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay (The Atlantic and the Mediterreanean)
Antoine Desboeufs (Coral and Fish)
Achille-Joseph-Étienne Valois (Shells and Pearls)
Isidore-Hippolyte Brion (Maritime navigation, Astronomy and Commerce)
Jean-François-Theodore Gechter (The Rhône and the Rhine)
François-Gaspard Lanno (Flowers and Fruit)
Honoré-Jean Husson (Wheat and Grapes)
Jean-Jacques Feuchère (River Navigation, Industry and Agriculture)
Jean-Jacques Elshoecht, Louis-Parfait Merlieux, Antonin-Marie Moine (tritons and neriads)."