La Tombe de Paul Cézanne, Cimetiere St Pierre - Aix en Provence, France
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member RakeInTheCache
N 43° 31.392 E 005° 27.524
31T E 698701 N 4821854
[FR] Paul Cézanne (19 janvier 1839 à Aix-en-Provence, France – 22 octobre 1906 à Aix-en-Provence) est un peintre français. [EN] Paul Cézanne (19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter.
Waymark Code: WM8TYD
Location: France
Date Posted: 05/13/2010
Published By:Groundspeak Premium Member cache_test_dummies
Views: 21

[FR] Membre du mouvement impressionniste, il est l'auteur de nombreux paysages de Provence, et particulièrement de la campagne d'Aix-en-Provence. Il a notamment réalisé plusieurs toiles ayant pour sujet la montagne Sainte-Victoire. Ami d'enfance de l'écrivain Émile Zola, il se brouillera avec lui dans ses dernières années.

Paul Cézanne fréquente le collège Bourbon (devenu lycée Mignet), où il se lie d'amitié avec Émile Zola. Il entreprend sans enthousiasme des études de droit à l'Université d'Aix. Il suit des cours à l'École de Dessin et aménage un atelier au Jas de Bouffan, résidence que son père a achetée. Il se rend une première fois à Paris en avril 1861, poussé par son ami Zola, mais n'y reste que quelques mois et retourne dans le domaine familial à l'automne, inaugurant ainsi une série d'allers-retours entre la ville-lumière et la Provence.

En 1862, il abandonne la carrière juridique et s'établit à Paris. Il travaille à l'Académie Suisse et y rencontre Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley et un autre Aixois, Achille Emperaire, dont il fera plus tard un portrait, resté célèbre. Il est refusé à l'École des Beaux-Arts en raison d'un tempérament jugé par trop excessif.

En 1872, il s'installe à Auvers-sur-Oise, où il peint avec Pissarro, et travaille dans la maison du docteur Gachet. En 1874, les impressionnistes organisent leur première exposition collective dans l'atelier du photographe Nadar et le public réserve un accueil peu encourageant, voire scandalisé, aux toiles de Cézanne qui en présente trois (Une moderne Olympia, La Maison du pendu et Étude, paysage d'Auvers). Il ne présente aucun tableau au cours de la seconde exposition impressionniste, mais montre 16 œuvres en 1877 à la troisième manifestation. Les critiques sont très mitigées et il se détache du groupe impressionniste et rejoint la Provence à partir de 1882, d'abord à L'Estaque, puis à Gardanne en 1885, petit village près d'Aix. Là, il commence son cycle de peintures sur la Montagne Sainte-Victoire, qu'il représente dans près de 80 œuvres (pour moitié à l'aquarelle). Sa situation financière reste précaire, d'autant que son père diminue son soutien.

Dès novembre 1895, Cézanne loue un cabanon aux Carrières de Bibémus afin d'y entreposer son matériel de peinture et ses toiles et où il passe une bonne partie de son temps, voire de ses nuits jusqu'en 1904.

En octobre 1906, alors qu'il peint sur le motif, dans le massif de la Sainte-Victoire, un violent orage s'abat. Cézanne fait un malaise. Il est recueilli par des charretiers et déposé dans sa maison de la rue Boulegon, à Aix, où il mourra, le 22, emporté par une pneumonie.

[EN] Cézanne can be said to form the bridge between late 19th century Impressionism and the early 20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism. The line attributed to both Matisse and Picasso that Cézanne "is the father of us all" cannot be easily dismissed.

Cézanne's work demonstrates a mastery of design, colour, composition and draftsmanship. His often repetitive, sensitive and exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields, at once both a direct expression of the sensations of the observing eye and an abstraction from observed nature. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of his subjects, a searching gaze and a dogged struggle to deal with the complexity of human visual perception.

In Paris, Cézanne met the Impressionist Camille Pissarro. Initially the friendship formed in the mid-1860s between Pissarro and Cézanne was that of master and disciple, with Pissarro exerting a formative influence on the younger artist. Over the course of the following decade their landscape painting excursions together, in Louveciennes and Pontoise, led to a collaborative working relationship between equals.

His early work is often concerned with the figure in the landscape and comprises many paintings of groups of large, heavy figures in the landscape, imaginatively painted. Later in his career, he became more interested in working from direct observation and gradually developed a light, airy painting style that was to influence the Impressionists enormously. Nevertheless, in Cézanne's mature work we see the development of a solidified, almost architectural style of painting. Throughout his life he struggled to develop an authentic observation of the seen world by the most accurate method of representing it in paint that he could find. To this end, he structurally ordered whatever he perceived into simple forms and colour planes. His statement "I want to make of impressionism something solid and lasting like the art in the museums", and his contention that he was recreating Poussin "after nature" underscored his desire to unite observation of nature with the permanence of classical composition.

One day, Cézanne was caught in a storm while working in the field. Only after working for two hours under a downpour did he decide to go home; but on the way he collapsed. He was taken home by a passing driver. His old housekeeper rubbed his arms and legs to restore the circulation; as a result, he regained consciousness. On the following day, he intended to continue working, but later on he fainted; the model with whom he was working called for help; he was put to bed, and he never left it again. He died a few days later, on 22 October 1906. He died of pneumonia and was buried at the old cemetery in his beloved hometown of Aix-en-Provence.

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Date of birth: 01/19/1839

Date of death: 10/22/1906

Area of notoriety: Art

Marker Type: Headstone

Setting: Outdoor

Visiting Hours/Restrictions: 08h00 - 17h15

Fee required?: No

Web site: [Web Link]

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