THE HORSE CREEK TREATY
N 41° 58.365 W 104° 00.524
13T E 582129 N 4647225
Treaty of 1851 that established damages at $50,000.00 per year for 50 years caused by immigrants migrating through Indian Lands along the Oregon Trail.
Waymark Code: WM3T14
Location: Nebraska, United States
Date Posted: 05/13/2008
Views: 24
The treaty was proposed by former fur trader Thomas Fitzpatrick, Upper Platte Indian agent,
supported by David D. Mitchell, superintendent of Indian Affairs in St. Louis. The treaty
provided that the government would give the tribes $50,000 a year in goods for 50 years for
damages caused by emigrants bound for Oregon, California and Utah. In return the Indians
would allow free passage on the emigrant trails, permit forts to be built on their land, and pledged
peaceful settlement of intertribal disputes.
Signing were such chiefs as White Antelope (Cheyenne), Little Owl (Arapaho), Big Robber
(Crow) and Conquering Bear, whom the whites persuaded the Sioux to elect as head chief.
Assiniboine, Mandan, Gros Ventre and Arikara chiefs also signed. The Shoshone traveled over
400 miles but were not asked to sign because they were not from the Plains.
With few exceptions, the tribes honored the treaty until 1864, when the whites' demand for land
pressured the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho into warfare, ending the hope for peace which had
prompted "The Great Smoke."
Nebraska State Historical Society
One mile west of Morrill on U.S. 26
Scotts Bluff County
Marker 369B
Marker Name: THE HORSE CREEK TREATY
City: yes
Roadside: yes
Web Address if available:: [Web Link]
Other: Not Listed
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Visit Instructions:
Post Pictures:
1. Close up of historical marker
2. Picture of surrounding area (would prefer to have the marker in the picture also). Thanks!