Ciechanów Castle - Ciechanów, Poland
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member hacze_losy
N 52° 53.062 E 020° 37.159
34U E 474384 N 5859475
The castle in Ciechanów was built in the 13th century. It was never captured during hostilities.
Waymark Code: WM19VAV
Location: Mazowieckie, Poland
Date Posted: 04/16/2024
Published By:Groundspeak Premium Member bluesnote
Views: 2

[ENG] The history of the Ciechanów castle begins in the mid-14th century. At that time, Poland, ruled by King Wladyslaw Lokietek, was emerging from a difficult period of regional division. He tried to unite all the lands of the former kingdom. Among the things that remained outside the royal power were Masovia – a separate principality ruled by monarchsn from the local line of the Piast dynasty. At that time, Siemowit III, the builder of the Ciechanów castle, sat on the throne in the capital city of Czersk.

The Ciechanów fortress was built right next to the northern border of Masovia with the Teutonic Order (it ran just outside the walls). Built among the muddy floodplains of the Lydynia River on a rectangular plan with dimensions of 48 x 57 meters. The walls were five meters high and had two towers built at the ends of the southern wall. Between them was a gate leading to an empty courtyard. The road to the castle was placed through an easily dismantled bridge over the river. During a threat, local residents could quickly and efficiently hide with their goods behind the walls of the stronghold. And there was no shortage of dangers, and it was not only the Teutonic State lying literally just beyond the border, but also the Lithuanian State in the east. The Kingdom of Poland in the south was not always favorable to the duchy, so for two centuries of independence, the Masovian rulers had to maneuver alliances between neighbors in order to survive. But let's get back to the castle. The structure of the stronghold, although simple, proved effective and was never captured during hostilities. During archaeological research conducted in last decades, elements of Teutonic weapons were found, so such attempts probably took place.

The next chapter of the castle's history dates back to the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries during the reign of Prince Janusz I in Masovia. He issued a location document for Ciechanów under Chelmno law (the exact date of this event is not entirely certain today, although there are many indications that it have taken place in year 1400). The city was founded on south of the stronghold, gained regular buildings and the right to hold a market in the centrally located rectangular market square. During the great war with the Teutonic Order (1409-11), Prince Janusz modernized the castle and made it his residence. He ordered the courtyard to be paved with cobblestones, and a princely house was built in its northern part. The defensive walls were raised to 7 meters and reinforced with a clay-earth embankment and a wooden palisade. An additional difficulty for a possible enemy was the eighteen-meter-wide moat. In the following years, subsequent rulers also modernized the castle, including: by raising the walls, drilling loopholes in them and equipping the crew with firearms. An additional entrance to the stronghold was also created in its western part (still used today) and a drawbridge was built.

The fall of the castle's importance began after the death of Mazovian Prince Janusz II in 1495. The proverbial nail in the coffin was the year 1526, when the last ruler of Masovia died without an heir, and the duchy was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland. An attempt to renovate the ruins of the stronghold took place after the death of King Sigismund the Old in 1548, when Ciechanów became the widow's setting of his wife - queen Bona. When she left Poland, no more such actions were taken.

During the Swedish Deluge in the 17th century, the already damaged castle and also the town were burned down. After the Second Partition of Poland, the Ciechanów land fell into the hands of the Prussians, who treated the buildings inside the stronghold as a source of construction raw material But they failed to break down the thick walls.

Fortune began to smile at the castle only in the 1960s. The castle was partially rebuilt and transformed into the so-called "permanent ruin". Over time, the Ciechanów Museum of the Masovian Nobility took over the care of the building. At the beginning of the 21st century, further archaeological research was carried out, which provided information about the original construction of the castle.

[POL] Historia ciechanowskiego zamku zaczyna sie w polowie XIV wieku. W tym czasie Polska, rzadzona przez króla Wladyslawa Lokietka wychodzila z trudnego okresu rozbicia dzielnicowego. Wszystkich ziem dawnego królestwa nie udalo mu sie zjednoczyc. Poza królewska wladza pozostawalo m.in. Mazowsze – osobne ksiestwo rzadzone przez Piastów z lokalnej linii dynastii. Na tronie w stolecznym Czersku zasiadal wtedy Siemowit III – budowniczy ciechanowieckiego zamku.

Ciechanowska twierdza powstala tuz przy pólnocnej granicy Mazowsza z Panstwem Krzyzackim (biegla tuz za murami). Zbudowana wsród blotnistych rozlewisk rzeki Lydyni na planie prostokata o wymiarach 48 x 57 metrów. Mury wysokie na piec metrów posiadaly dwie wieze wzniesione na krancach poludniowej sciany. Miedzy nimi znajdowala sie brama prowadzaca na pusty dziedziniec. Droga do zamku biegla przez latwy do demontazu most na rzece. Podczas zagrozenia okoliczni mieszkancy mogli szybko i sprawnie schowac sie wraz ze swym dobytkiem za murami warowni. A niebezpieczenstw nie brakowalo i nie bylo to tylko Panstwo Krzyzackie lezace doslownie tuz za miedza, ale tez panstwo litewskie na wschodzie. Królestwo Polskie na poludniu tez nie zawsze bylo przychylne ksiestwu, totez przez dwa wieki odrebnosci mazowieccy wladcy musieli lawirowac sojuszami pomiedzy sasiadami by przetrwac. Ale wrócmy do zamku. Konstrukcja warowni, chodz prosta, sprawdzila sie i nigdy nie zostala zdobyta w trakcie dzialan wojennych. Podczas prowadzonych w ostatnich dziesiecioleciach badaniach archeologicznych znaleziono elementy krzyzackiego uzbrojenia, zatem takie próby prawdopodobnie mialy miejsce.

Kolejny rozdzial historii zamku to przelom XIV i XV wieku podczas panowania na Mazowszu ksiecia Janusza I. On to wydal dokument lokacyjny dla Ciechanowa na prawie chelminskim (dokladna data tego wydarzenia nie jest dzis do konca pewna, aczkolwiek wiele wskazuje na to ze mialo to miejsce w roku 1400). Miasto zalozone na poludnie od warowni, uzyskalo regularna zabudowe i prawo do targu odbywajacego sie na centralnie polozonym prostokatnym rynku. Podczas wielkiej wojny z zakonem (1409-11) ksiaze Janusz zmodernizowal zamek i uczynil go swa rezydencja. Dziedziniec kazal wylozyc brukiem, a w jego pólnocnej czesci powstala ksiazecy dom. Mury obronne zostaly podwyzszone do 7 metrów i wzmocnione walem gliniano-ziemnym oraz drewniana palisada. Dodatkowym utrudnieniem dla ewentualnego wroga byla osiemnastometrowej szerokosci fosa. W nastepnych latach kolejni wladcy takze unowoczesniali zamek m.in. podwyzszajac mury, wybijajac w nich otwory strzelnicze i wyposazajac zaloge w bron palna. Utworzono takze dodatkowe wejscie do warowni w jej zachodniej czesci (wykorzystywane do dzis) i zbudowano zwodzony most.

Stopniowy upadek znaczenia zamku zaczal sie po smierci ksiecia Janusz II w 1495 roku. Przyslowiowym gwozdziem do trumny byl rok 1526 kiedy to bezpotomnie zmarl ostatni wladca Mazowsza, a ksiestwo zostalo wcielone to Królestwa Polskiego. Próba remontu ruin warowni miala jeszcze miejsce po smierci króla Zygmunta Starego w 1548 r., gdy Ciechanów stal sie tzw. wdowia oprawa królowej Bony. Po jej wyjezdzie z Polski wiecej takich dzialan nie podejmowano.

Podczas potopu szwedzkiego w XVII wieku juz i tak mocno zniszczony zamek, wraz z miastem zostaly spalone. Po II rozbiorze Polski ziemia ciechanowska dostala sie w rece Prusaków, którzy traktowali zabudowania wewnatrz warowni jako zródlo surowca budowlanego. Grubych murów nie udalo im sie skruszyc.

Los do zamku zaczal sie usmiechac dopiero w latach 60. XX wieku. Czesciowo odbudowano zamek przeksztalcajac go w tzw. „trwala ruine”. Z czasem opieke nad budowla przejelo ciechanowskie Muzeum Szlachty Mazowieckiej. Na poczatku XXI wieku przeprowadzono kolejne badania archeologiczne, które przyniosly informacje dotyczace pierwotnej konstrukcji zamku.

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Accessibility: Partial access

Condition: Intact

Admission Charge?: yes

Website: [Web Link]

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