"ARNO RIVER
The river is the biggest river in Peninsular Italy after the Tiber and the main watercourse of Tuscany.
It has a total length of 241 km, a drainage basin of 8228 km ² and an annual average flow at the mouth of about 110 m/s ³ was born on the southern slope of Mount Falterona, tosco-romagnolo Apennines at an altitude of 1358 m above sea level, and flows into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after crossing Pisa.
The source of the River Arno, called Capo d'arno is located in the
municipality of Pratovecchio Stia Arezzo. At San Giovanni Valdarno,
Arezzo, enters the last municipality in the province of Florence, exit at Fucecchio. From here it flows in the province of Pisa to the mouth.
Its large reservoir collects the waters of various sub-basins:
the Casentino, the upper basin of the same Arno River to its confluence with the canale Maestro della Chiana; the Val di Chiana, reclaimed plain in the 18th century and earlier, also tax wetland of the River Tiber; the upper Valdarno, a long Valley bordered on the right by the Pratomagno and left by the mountains of the province of Siena;
the Sub-basin of the Sieve, the Arno's main tributary that flows just before Florence;
the Middle Valdarno, which extends from the confluence of the Sieve to its confluence with the Ombrone pistoiese, includes the Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Campi Bisenzio, Prato and Pistoia;
the lower Valdarno is characterised by valleys in which numerous tributaries such as the Pesa, Elsa and Era; in the Valley of the Arno in Pontedera then flows to the mouth at a higher level than the surrounding plain.
The main tributaries of the River are:
from the right:
Sieve
Bisenzio
Ombrone pistoiese
Pescia
Usciana
from left:
Canale Maestro della Chiana
Greve
Pesa
Elsa
Ambra
Era
Vingone
During its route it passes through several cities and towns, the most
important are Florence, Empoli, Fucecchio, Santa Croce sull'arno, Pontedera, Cascina e Pisa."
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MUGNONE
"The Mugnone is a river in Italy that runs through Florence and is a tributary to the Arno. The river has been known since Roman times. The river historically flowed into the Arno near the Ponte Vecchio, which is why the city was founded there (at the historic confluence of the Mugnone and the Arno). The river was diverted in the 1280s during construction of the new city walls."
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The coördinates are taken close to the little cascade in the Mugnone
Special occurance at the confluence spot:
"Rajaram Chuttraputti, Maharajah of Kholapur, arrived in Florence on a pleasure visit on November 25, 1870 but a sudden illness led to his death. The twenty-one year old was returning from a trip to London where he had gone to study and to greet Queen Victoria . After he died of a lung infection, the problem of the funeral ceremony arose because he had to follow the Brahminical rite. In fact, according to Indian tradition, the body of the deceased had to be cremated at the confluence of two rivers and thus the extreme point of the Cascine was chosen, where the Arno meets the Mugnone. And so it was done: the body of the elegantly dressed young man was transported by an omnibus which took him to the confluence of the two rivers where the Brahminical rite would be performed.
After the funeral rite, in 1874, the mother of the young maharajah arrived in Florence. During the official visit to organize the construction site of the mausoleum in memory of her son."
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