Église Sainte-Marie-Majeure de Bonifacio - France
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member Alfouine
N 41° 23.231 E 009° 09.544
32T E 513298 N 4581752
Sainte-Marie est l’église principale de Bonifacio et probablement la plus ancienne. Elle occupe le centre de la ville depuis XIIIe siècle. Vu le caractère roman de son architecture, elle ne doit pas être antérieure à cette période.
Waymark Code: WM15NZV
Location: Corse, France
Date Posted: 01/31/2022
Published By:Groundspeak Premium Member wayfrog
Views: 1

Sainte-Marie is the main church of Bonifacio and probably the oldest. It occupies the center of the city since the 13th century. Given the Romanesque character of its architecture, it must not be earlier than this period.


Église Sainte-Marie-Majeure de Bonifacio

Credits

L'église Sainte-Marie-Majeure, ou église Sainte-Marie, est une église catholique située à Bonifacio, dans le département français de la Corse-du-Sud.

Localisation
L'église est située en plein centre de la Haute-Ville (citadelle) de Bonifacio.

Histoire
L'existence de cette église est attestée dans les archives dès 1238. Elle a probablement été construite au xiie siècle par les Pisans. Mais la présence du blason de la république de Gênes sur l'un des portails semble indiquer qu'elle a été partiellement reconstruite par la suite par les Génois. Elle est considérée comme le bâtiment le plus ancien de la ville3. Le clocher fut quant à lui construit au xive siècle.

En 1516, le territoire de Bonifacio fut séparé de la pieve (circonscription religieuse) d'Ajaccio, et Sainte-Marie-Majeure devint l'église principale de la pieve de Bonifacio, qui a été rattachée directement à l'archevêché de Gênes.

En 1815, à la suite de l'annonce du retour de Napoléon Bonaparte de l'île d'Elbe, des Bonifaciens hissèrent le drapeau tricolore au sommet du clocher de Sainte-Marie-Majeure. Les royalistes ripostèrent en tirant au canon sur le clocher, ce qui lui causa d'importants dégâts.

L'édifice est classé au titre des monuments historiques en 1982.

Architecture extérieure

Le clocher (u Campanin)
L'église Sainte-Marie-Majeure est principalement de style roman2. Sa surface est de plus de 500 m2. Sa façade ouest, munie d'une rosace, est faite de calcaire blanc.

Le clocher, ou campanile (u Campanin en langue bonifacienne), a une hauteur de 25 mètres2. Sa base est de style roman, mais les quatre étages supérieurs sont de style gothique. Son couronnement date du xviiie siècleB 1. Richement sculptés, les trois étages centraux furent cependant endommagés par l'attaque des royalistes. Seul le côté nord est resté intact.

Intérieur
L'intérieur est constitué de trois nefs. Chacune des nefs contient un autel en marbre polychrome du xviie siècle. Le maître-autel contient les reliques de saint Boniface, patron de la ville.

On y trouve une statue de la Vierge de l'Assomption, et une statue de saint François en marbre de Brando datée du xviie siècle.

Parmi les peintures, on trouve La Cène (xviiie siècle) de Saverio Farinole et L'Apparition du Christ à saint Isidore de J. CoustonB.

Vie médiévale
La loggia
Devant l'entrée de l'église se trouve la loggia, une petite place couverte par des arcades à colonnes. Cœur de la cité médiévale à l'époque génoise, c'est là que se réunissaient les notables pour délibérer, rendre la justice ou rédiger des contrats.

La citerne
Sous la loggia se trouve une ancienne citerne d'eau (a cisterna). D'une capacité d'environ 650 000 litres, elle est reliée aux maisons avoisinantes par des arcs-boutants permettant, en plus de leur rôle de soutien, d'acheminer l'eau de pluie. Cette citerne était particulièrement utile en temps de siège.


Church of Saint Mary Major of Bonifacio

The Sainte-Marie-Majeure church, or Sainte-Marie church, is a catholic church located in Bonifacio, in the French department of Corse-du-Sud.

Location
The church is located in the center of the Haute-Ville (citadel) of Bonifacio.

History
The existence of this church is attested in the archives since 1238. It was probably built in the 12th century by the Pisans. But the presence of the coat of arms of the Republic of Genoa on one of the portals seems to indicate that it was partially rebuilt later by the Genoese. It is considered the oldest building in the city3. The bell tower was built in the 14th century.

In 1516, the territory of Bonifacio was separated from the pieve (religious district) of Ajaccio, and Sainte-Marie-Majeure became the main church of the pieve of Bonifacio, which was attached directly to the archdiocese of Genoa.

In 1815, following the announcement of Napoleon Bonaparte's return from Elba, some Bonifacians hoisted the tricolor flag on top of the bell tower of Sainte-Marie-Majeure. The royalists retaliated by firing cannons at the bell tower, which caused significant damage.

The building was classified as a historical monument in 1982.

Exterior architecture

The bell tower (u Campanin)
The church of Sainte-Marie-Majeure is mainly in the Romanesque style2. Its surface is more than 500 m2. Its western façade, with a rose window, is made of white limestone.

The bell tower, or campanile (u Campanin in Bonifacian language), is 25 meters high2. Its base is Romanesque, but the four upper floors are Gothic. Its crowning glory dates from the 18th century.1 The three central floors are richly sculpted, but were damaged by the royalists' attack. Only the north side remains intact.

Interior
The interior consists of three naves. Each of the naves contains a polychrome marble altar from the seventeenth century. The high altar contains the relics of St. Boniface, patron saint of the city.

There is a statue of the Virgin of the Assumption, and a seventeenth-century statue of St. Francis in Brando marble.

Among the paintings are The Last Supper (XVIII century) by Saverio Farinole and The Apparition of Christ to Saint Isidore by J. CoustonB.

Medieval life
The loggia
In front of the entrance to the church is the loggia, a small square covered by arcades with columns. It was the heart of the medieval city during the Genoese period, and it was here that the notables met to deliberate, render justice or draw up contracts.

The cistern
Under the loggia is an ancient water cistern (a cisterna). With a capacity of approximately 650,000 liters, it is connected to the neighboring houses by buttresses that, in addition to their supporting role, allow rainwater to be channeled. This cistern was particularly useful in times of siege.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Date the Church was built, dedicated or cornerstone laid: 01/01/1238

Age of Church building determined by?: Church website

If denomination of Church is not part of the name, please provide it here: Catholic

If Church is open to the public, please indicate hours: From: 10:00 AM To: 5:00 PM

If Church holds a weekly worship service and "all are welcome", please give the day of the week: Sunday

Indicate the time that the primary worship service is held. List only one: 11:00 AM

Street address of Church:
Place de l'église
Bonifacio, France
20000


Primary website for Church or Historic Church Building: [Web Link]

Secondary Website for Church or Historic Church Building: Not listed

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