Rudolf-Virchow-Denkmal - Berlin, Germany
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member lumbricus
N 52° 31.360 E 013° 22.763
33U E 390047 N 5820407
The memorial for Rudolf Virchow "the father of modern pathology" and the founder of social medicine, and to his colleagues, the "Pope of medicine" at the Karlplatz near the Charite in Berlin.
Waymark Code: WM13HA7
Location: Berlin, Germany
Date Posted: 12/17/2020
Published By:Groundspeak Premium Member bluesnote
Views: 1

"Monumentales Denkmal. Auf einem dreistufigen Unterbau erhebt sich ein hoher, sich leicht nach oben verjüngender Rechtecksockel, dessen vier Ecken durch dorische Säulen betont werden. Das Denkmal trägt als Bekrönung eine mächtige Kampfgruppe. Ein in nackter Idealität gezeigter Titan ringt mit einer grässlichen Sphinx. Die allegorische Darstellung symbolisiert das Ringen des Arztes mit der Krankheit. In die Frontseite des Monuments ist das seitlich von Lorbeerzweigen flankierte, idealisierte und überlebensgroße Porträt Rudolf Virchows (1821-1902) aus weißem Marmor eingelassen. Darunter ist die Namens-Inschrift des Geehrten eingetieft. Das rückseitige Relief zeigt den Arzt, Hygieniker, Ethnologen, Archäologen und engagierten Politiker Virchow im Kreis seiner Schüler und trägt darunter die Stiftungsinschrift der Stadt Berlin (Jörg Kuhn)." (visit link)

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"Schaffende Datierung
Klimsch, Fritz Bildhauer 1906-1910
Messel, Alfred Architekt

Objektgeschichte
Im Juni 1905 war der Bildhauer Fritz Klimsch (1870-1960), unterstützt von Alfred Messel (1853-1909), als Sieger aus dem Denkmalwettbewerb hervorgegangen. 1906-1910 wurde das Denkmal auf dem Karlsplatz realisiert. Klimsch schuf mit diesem Werk, durchaus für die formale „Unterordnung“ des Menschen gegenüber seiner „Lebensleistung“ kritisiert, einen neuen Typus des Gelehrtendenkmals und wandte sich, mit dem Jugendstil brechend, stilistisch einem monumentalisierten Neuklassizismus zu (Jörg Kuhn).

Verwendete Materialien
Technik
gesamt behauen
Relief behauen
eingelassen
Inschrift farbig ausgelegt, rotbraun

Inschriften
Inschrift (gemeißelt)
am Sockel RUDOLF / VIRCHOW
Inschrift (gemeißelt)
am Sockel, Rückseite DEM GROSSEN FORSCHER / SEINE SCHÜLER UND FREUNDE / IHREM EHRENBÜRGER / DIE STADT BERLIN" (visit link)

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"Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (Aussprache des Nachnamens: ['f?rço], „Fircho“), auch Rudolph(us) Virchow (* 13. Oktober 1821 in Schivelbein/Hinterpommern, Provinz Pommern; † 5. September 1902 in Berlin), war ein deutscher Arzt, Pathologe, Pathologischer Anatom, Anthropologe, Prähistoriker und Politiker. In Würzburg und Berlin erlangte er Weltruf. Er begründete mit der Zellularpathologie und seinen Forschungen zur Thrombose die moderne Pathologie und vertrat eine sowohl naturwissenschaftlich als auch sozial orientierte Medizin. Er war Geheimer Medizinalrat. Als liberaler Politiker und Mitbegründer der Deutschen Fortschrittspartei und der Deutschen Freisinnigen Partei stand er in höchstem Ansehen. Er gilt als Begründer der modernen Sozialhygiene." Wikipedia (visit link)

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Monumental monument. On a three-tiered substructure rises a high, rectangular base that tapers slightly upwards, the four corners of which are emphasized by Doric columns. The monument is crowned by a powerful combat group. A titan shown in naked ideality wrestles with a hideous sphinx. The allegorical representation symbolizes the doctor's struggle with illness. The larger-than-life portrait of Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) made of white marble, flanked on the side by laurel branches, is set into the front of the monument. The name of the honored person is engraved underneath. The relief on the reverse shows the doctor, hygienist, ethnologist, archaeologist and committed politician Virchow among his students and bears the foundation inscription of the city of Berlin (Jörg Kuhn) below.

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"Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" and as the founder of social medicine, and to his colleagues, the "Pope of medicine". He received the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1892. He was a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences, but he declined to be ennobled as "von Virchow".

Virchow studied medicine at the Friedrich Wilhelm University under Johannes Peter Müller. He worked at the Charité hospital under Robert Froriep, whom he succeeded as the prosector. His investigation of the 1847–1848 typhus epidemic in Upper Silesia laid the foundation for public health in Germany, and paved his political and social careers. From it, he coined a well known aphorism: "Medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale". He participated in the Revolution of 1848, which led to his expulsion from Charité the next year. He then published a newspaper Die Medizinische Reform (The Medical Reform). He took the first Chair of Pathological Anatomy at the University of Würzburg in 1849. After five years, Charité reinstated him to its new Institute for Pathology. He co-founded the political party Deutsche Fortschrittspartei, and was elected to the Prussian House of Representatives and won a seat in the Reichstag. His opposition to Otto von Bismarck's financial policy resulted in an anecdotal "Sausage Duel", although he supported Bismarck in his anti-Catholic campaigns, which he named Kulturkampf ("culture struggle").

A prolific writer, he produced more than 2000 scientific writings. Cellular Pathology (1858), regarded as the root of modern pathology, introduced the third dictum in cell theory: Omnis cellula e cellula ("All cells come from cells"). He was a co-founder of Physikalisch-Medizinische Gesellschaft in 1849 and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie in 1897. He founded journals such as Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin (with Benno Reinhardt in 1847, from 1903 under the title Virchows Archiv), and Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (Journal of Ethnology). The latter is published by German Anthropological Association and the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory, the societies which he also founded.

Virchow was the first to describe and christen diseases such as leukemia, chordoma, ochronosis, embolism, and thrombosis. He coined biological terms such as "chromatin", "neuroglia", "agenesis", "parenchyma", "osteoid", "amyloid degeneration", and "spina bifida"; terms such as Virchow's node, Virchow–Robin spaces, Virchow–Seckel syndrome, and Virchow's triad are named after him. His description of the life cycle of a roundworm Trichinella spiralis influenced the practice of meat inspection. He developed the first systematic method of autopsy, and introduced hair analysis in forensic investigation. Virchow was critical of Ignaz Semmelweis and his idea of disinfecting, who said of him, "Explorers of nature recognize no bugbears other than individuals who speculate". He was critical of what he described as "Nordic mysticism" regarding the Aryan race. As an anti-evolutionist, he called Charles Darwin an "ignoramus" and his own student Ernst Haeckel a "fool". He described the original specimen of Neanderthal man as nothing but that of a deformed human." Wikipedia (visit link)
Website with more information on either the memorial or the person(s) it is dedicated to: [Web Link]

Location: Karlplatz

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