Nivågårds Teglværk - Denmark
N 55° 55.841 E 012° 30.926
33U E 344783 N 6201153
Den store ringovn blev bygget i 1870 og er den sidste af sin slags i Danmark. The large ring oven was built in 1870 and is the last of its kind in Denmark.
Waymark Code: WM13AQ0
Location: Denmark
Date Posted: 10/27/2020
Views: 5
"Nivaagaards Teglværk var et af to store teglværker i Nivå i Nordsjælland. Det hørte under herregården Nivågård. Den fredede ringovn fra 1870 fungerer nu som museum.
På grund af det lokale morænelers beskaffenhed og den lette transportvej til København ned gennem Øresund udviklede Nivå sig fra 1850'erne og frem til et vigtigt teglværksområde med ikke færre end tre værker: Nivaagaard, Niverød og Sølyst. Produktionen kan på det ældste af værkerne, Nivaagaard, spores tilbage til et bondeteglværk, der fra 1701 leverede mursten til de kongelige slotte i Nordsjælland, bl.a. til dronning Louises ombygning af jagtslottet Hirschholm.
Teglværket i Nivå havde fra dets grundlæggelse i 1701 og frem til konsul Hages opkøb i 1859 mange skiftende ejere. Lars Erichsen var den ejer, der drev værket i længst tid, nemlig fra 1717 og frem til hans død i 1746. I denne periode producerede teglværket nogle af murstenene til dronning Sophie Magdalenes ambitiøse kongelige byggeprojekt, som siden fik tilnavnet "Nordens Versailles", Hirschholm Slot. Tiden under Lars Erichsen må ses som teglværkets storhedstid, idet han ved siden af produktionen i Nivå fæstede et teglværk i Karlebo og overtog et tredje i Vedbæk. Med tre producerende teglværker i ryggen blev Lars Erichsen en af tidens store bygmestre. Han fik blandt andet til opgave at opføre 113 sjællanske skoler, hvilket skete i tidsrummet 1722-1725.
Efter Erichsens død faldt det tilbage til staten og forpagtedes nogle år senere til garver Hans Peter Frode i Helsingør. 1766 solgtes teglværket for en årlig afgift til Jørgen Birch, som skulle svare afgiften "sålænge materiale til værkets drift bevisligen findes tilstrækkeligt". I 1781 blev den næste indehaver Jacob Kielskov, fritaget for at svare afgiften, da driften ikke kunne svare sig, og teglbrændingen ophørte.
En kontinuerlig drift på Nivaagaards Teglværk begyndte først fra 1840'erne og frem, hvor produktionsprocessen blev moderniseret. I 1857 blev Nivågård et af de første danske teglværker, der tog en dampmaskine i brug. I 1862 overtog Alfred Hage godset og teglværket, der skulle vise sig at blive en blomstrende forretning. En af de tragiske, men medvirkende årsager til dette var Danmarks nederlag i den 2. slesvigske krig 1864. Ved tabet af Slesvig forsvandt en stor del af de danske teglværker, fx Cathrinesminde Teglværk ved Flensborg Fjord. Samtidig var et byggeboom i hovedstaden undervejs, så der blev god brug for murstenene fra Nivaagaard.
Da Alfred Hage døde i 1872, overtog sønnen Johannes Hage Nivågård avlsgård og teglværk. En langovn var blevet opført 1869 og den kendte ringovn i 1870, og Nivaagaard blev storleverandør til byggerierne i København. i 1870 blev der indsat maskiner, og den lange skibsmole blev anlagt. Teglværket blev kendt dels for ringovnen, bygget af ringovnens opfinder Friedrich Eduard Hoffmann, som satte produktionen i vejret, dels for at producere glaserede kloakrør. Hage fortsatte effektiviseringen, og i 1870'erne producerede teglværket årligt 5 millioner mursten og 300.000 drænrør.
I 1918 skete endnu en modernisering. Johannes Hage var en vellidt arbejdsgiver, og efter datidens målestok meget socialt sindet, og tog sig af ”sine” folk. Han døde i januar 1923, 80 år gammel. Johannes Hage døde ugift, og testamenterede alt til Den Hageske Stiftelse for velgørende formål.
I 1967 blev ringovnen taget ud af drift og erstattet af en tunnelovn.
I de seneste år, inden teglværket helt lukkede, forsøgte man i et samarbejde med de andre lokale teglværker at oprette et nyt selskab, der hed Montage-tegl A/S. På dette tidspunkt brugte byggeriet næsten udelukkende beton, og Montage-tegl producerede betonplader med teglsten. Dermed blev man også i stand til at bruge billigere ler. Lergravene i Nivå var efterhånden blevet tømt for egnet ler, så man skulle have ler transporteret langvejs fra.
Et eksempel på denne produktion er bebyggelsen Niverød III. I 1976 blev det besluttet at stoppe produktionen, men den fortsatte dog indtil 1981. Der var flere medvirkende årsager til fabrikkens lukning, bl.a. et statsligt byggestop og konkurrencen fra netop beton og andre nye byggematerialer. I 1985 blev ringovnen fredet. Siden forfaldt teglværket gradvist, indtil et museum blev oprettet og teglovnen restaureret."
Kilde: wikipedia.dk
English:
Since 1701 there has been a brickworks at Nivågård. The area is rich of clay and it was easy to ship the bricks to Copenhagen by ship. Besides the ringoven in Nivågård there was also ovens in Niverød and Sølyst.
The ring oven was designed by the German ingeneer Friedrich Eduard Hoffmann and the special design made it possible to produce bricks very effectively.
The oven was in function from 1870 to 1967. The production stopped in 1981. Today the brickworks is housing a museum.
The text from Danish Wikipedia translated with the help of all mighty Google translate says:
"Nivaagaards Teglværk was one of two large brickworks in Nivå in North Zealand. It belonged to the manor Nivågård. The listed ring kiln from 1870 now serves as a museum.
Due to the nature of the local moraine clay and the easy transport route to Copenhagen down through the Sound, Nivå developed from the 1850s until an important brickworks area with no fewer than three works: Nivaagaard, Niverød and Sølyst. The production of the oldest of the works, Nivaagaard, can be traced back to a peasant brickworks, which from 1701 delivered bricks to the royal castles in North Zealand, i.a. to Queen Louise's conversion of the hunting castle Hirschholm.
The brickworks in Nivå had many changing owners from its founding in 1701 until the acquisition of Consul Hage in 1859. Lars Erichsen was the owner who ran the work for the longest time, namely from 1717 until his death in 1746. During this period, the brickworks produced some of the bricks for Queen Sophie Magdalene's ambitious royal building project, which was later nicknamed "Nordens Versailles", Hirschholm Castle. The time under Lars Erichsen must be seen as the heyday of the brickyard, as he attached a brickyard in Karlebo next to the production in Nivå and took over a third in Vedbæk. With three producing brickworks behind him, Lars Erichsen became one of the great builders of the time. Among other things, he was given the task of building 113 Zealand schools, which happened in the period 1722-1725.
After Erichsen's death, it fell back to the state and was leased a few years later to tanner Hans Peter Frode in Elsinore. In 1766, the brickworks was sold for an annual fee to Jørgen Birch, who was to pay the fee "as long as material for the operation of the plant is demonstrably sufficient". In 1781, the next owner, Jacob Kielskov, was exempted from paying the tax, as the operation could not pay off and the brick burning ceased.
Continuous operation at Nivaagaards Teglværk did not begin until the 1840s, when the production process was modernized. In 1857, Nivågård became one of the first Danish brickworks to use a steam engine. In 1862, Alfred Hage took over the estate and the brickworks, which were to prove to be a thriving business. One of the tragic but contributing reasons for this was Denmark's defeat in the Second Schleswig War in 1864. With the loss of Schleswig, a large part of the Danish brickworks disappeared, eg Cathrinesminde Teglværk by Flensburg Fjord. At the same time, a construction boom was underway in the capital, so there was a good need for the bricks from Nivaagaard.
When Alfred Hage died in 1872, his son Johannes Hage Nivågård took over the breeding farm and brickworks. A long kiln had been built in 1869 and the well-known ring kiln in 1870, and Nivaagaard became a major supplier to the buildings in Copenhagen. in 1870 machines were deployed and the long ship pier was constructed. The brickyard became known partly for the ring kiln, built by the ring kiln's inventor Friedrich Eduard Hoffmann, who boosted production, and partly to produce glazed sewer pipes. Hage continued to increase efficiency, and in the 1870s the brickworks produced 5 million bricks and 300,000 drainage pipes annually.
In 1918, another modernization took place. Johannes Hage was a well-liked employer, and by the standards of the time very social minded, and took care of "his" people. He died in January 1923, aged 80 years. Johannes Hage died unmarried, and bequeathed everything to the Hageske Foundation for charity.
In 1967, the ring kiln was taken out of operation and replaced by a tunnel kiln.
In recent years, before the brickyard completely closed, an attempt was made in collaboration with the other local brickyards to establish a new company called Montage-tegl A / S. At this time, the building used almost exclusively concrete, and Montage bricks produced concrete slabs with bricks. This also made it possible to use cheaper clay. The clay pits in Nivå had gradually been emptied of suitable clay, so that clay had to be transported a long way from.
An example of this production is the settlement Niverød III. In 1976, it was decided to stop production, but it continued until 1981. There were several contributing reasons for the factory's closure, including a state construction halt and competition from just concrete and other new building materials. In 1985, the ring kiln was protected. Since then, the brickworks gradually fell into disrepair until a museum was established and the brick kiln restored."
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