Augustine of Hippo (13 November 354 – 28 August 430 AD), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian, philosopher, and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. His many important works include The City of God, On Christian Doctrine, and Confessions.
According to his contemporary, Jerome, Augustine "established anew the ancient Faith".[a] In his youth he was drawn to the major Persian religion, Manichaeism, and later to Neoplatonism. After his baptism and conversion to Christianity in 386, Augustine developed his own approach to philosophy and theology, accommodating a variety of methods and perspectives. Believing the grace of Christ was indispensable to human freedom, he helped formulate the doctrine of original sin and made seminal contributions to the development of just war theory.
Augustine is recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. He is also a preeminent Catholic Doctor of the Church and the patron of the Augustinians. His memorial is celebrated on 28 August, the day of his death. Augustine is the patron saint of brewers, printers, theologians, and a number of cities and dioceses. Many Protestants, especially Calvinists and Lutherans, consider him one of the theological fathers of the Protestant Reformation due to his teachings on salvation and divine grace.Protestant Reformers generally, and Martin Luther in particular, held Augustine in preeminence among early Church Fathers. Luther was, from 1505 to 1521, a member of the Order of the Augustinian Eremites.
The general attributes of sculpture of St. Augustine: bishop's robe, book, quill, flaming heart pierced by arrows
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Svatý Augustin, též Augustin z Hippa nebo Augustin z Hippony, latinsky Aurelius Augustinus (13. listopadu 354, Thagaste, dnes Souk-Ahras v Alžírsku – 28. srpna 430, Hippo Regius, dnes Annaba v Alžírsku), byl biskup a ucitel církve v období pozdního rímského císarství; je též svatým katolické církve, jehož svátek pripadá na 28. srpna. Augustinus, zvaný též „ucitel Západu“, je jeden z nejvýznamnejších rane krestanských filozofu a teologu, predstavitel latinské platónsky orientované patristiky.
Po dlouhých vnitrních bojích se roku 387 nechal pokrtít milánským biskupem sv. Ambrožem. Roku 389 se vrátil do Thagaste v severní Africe, roku 390 nebo 391 prijal z rukou biskupa Valeria knežské svecení a roku 393 se stal ve meste Hippo Regius biskupem. Svuj život venoval práci na filosofických a teologických spisech a péci o svou církevní obec. Zemrel behem nájezdu Vandalu roku 430.
V duchu novoplatonismu rozvíjel v dogmatických sporech s ruznými ideovými odpurci své doby krestanskou verouku. Stejne jako sv. Pavel ucil, že clovek je od prirozenosti neschopný konat dobré skutky (nauka o dedicném hríchu), že však urcití jednotlivci jsou z milosti boží predurceni k vecnému spasení (predestinace).
Obecné atributy vyobrazení sv. Augustin: biskupské roucho, kniha, psací brk, planoucí srdce probodené
šípy
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