Thirlmere Aqueduct
"The Thirlmere Aqueduct is a 95.9-mile-long (154.3-kilometre-long) pioneering section of water supply system in England, built by the Manchester Corporation Water Works between 1890 and 1925. Often incorrectly thought of as one of the longest tunnels in the world, the aqueduct's tunnel section is not continuous.
The aqueduct was built to carry approximately 55,000,000 imperial gallons (250,000 m3) per day of water from Thirlmere Reservoir to Manchester. The construction of the reservoir and aqueduct was authorised by the Manchester Waterworks Act of Parliament. The first phase was completed in 1897 and, for the pipeline sections, subsequent phases were completed in 1925. The first water to arrive in Manchester from the Lake District was marked with an official ceremony on 13 October 1894.
History
In 1874 John Frederick Bateman advised Manchester Corporation that the increasing demand for water, then averaging 18,000,000 imperial gallons (82,000 m3) per day, would soon exhaust the available supply from Longdendale. His first recommendation was to source water from Ullswater, but it was eventually decided to seek powers to acquire Thirlmere and build a dam there. In the face of local opposition the project received Royal Assent in 1879. Under this act Manchester was granted priority of right to 25 imperial gallons (110 L) per person per day. A pumping station was built at Heaton Park Reservoir in 1954–1955 incorporating a large relief by Mitzi Cunliffe signed and dated 1955. The building materials and the reliefs are all symbolic of the achievement in bringing water from the Lake District to Manchester. The building was given grade II listing in 1988.
Tunnel under Dunmail Raise Pass
This tunnelled section under Dunmail Raise was dug by two teams mining towards each other. The two tunnel sections joined within 20 cm of centre.
Thirlmere Dam
The dam at Thirlmere 54°33'41?N 3°04'05?WCoordinates: 54°33'41?N 3°04'05?W rises 64 feet (20 m) above the old stream bed, and the reservoir when full has a surface area of 814 acres (3.29 km2), and a holding capacity of 8,235,000,000 imperial gallons (37,440,000 m3) above the level to which water may be drawn (540 O.D.) The total dry-weather yield of Thirlmere Reservoir is reckoned at about 40,500,000 imperial gallons (184,000 m3) per day, out of which compensation water in respect of the area now draining into the Lake 10,120 acres (41.0 km2), amounting to 4,658,000 imperial gallons (21,180 m3) per day average, is sent down the St. John's Beck. Manchester Corporation has acquired the drainage area of 10,800 acres (44 km2) (in addition to other lands).
Aqueduct Technical data
The aqueduct is 95.9 miles long from Thirlmere reservoir to Heaton Park Reservoir 53°32'32?N 2°15'41?W, Prestwich. Its most common form of construction is cut-and-cover, which consists of a "D" section concrete covered channel, approximately 7.1 feet (2.2 m) wide and between 7.1 feet (2.2 m) and 7.9 feet (2.4 m) high. There are 37 miles (59.5 km) of cut and cover, made up of concrete horseshoe-shaped sections 12 inches (300 mm) thick. Typically, the conduit has 3 feet (0.91 m) of cover and traverses the contours of hillsides.
It is the longest gravity-fed aqueduct in the country, with no pumps along its route. The water flows at a speed of 4 miles per hour (6 km/h) and takes just over a day to reach the city. The level of the aqueduct drops by approximately 20 inches per mile (30 cm/km) of its length.
Construction history
Sections of the route of the aqueduct have over time been modified for the construction of modern motorways. During the construction of the M6 and M61 connection a short section was diverted. A short section of the aqueduct near Worsley, Greater Manchester, was also re-routed in the late 1960s during the construction of the M62/M63/M602 motorway interchange."
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The bridge that forms this portion of the aqueduct was built adjacent to a road bridge and the three arches can only be seen from the river bank of the river Irwell on the north side. The other side is just visible from the side of the road bridge but the parapet blocks most of the view, although this is the only place that a plaque showing the coat of arms of Manchester and a date of construction can be seen.
MANCHESTER CORPORATION
WATER WORKS
1892
The bridge is a Grade II Historic England Listed Building.
"Water Supply Aqueduct, 1892, constructed for the Manchester Corporation Water Works. Engineers, J F Bateman and G Hill. Cast iron arches, spandrels and parapet balustrading, rising from ashlar and coursed squared gritstone block abutments and intermediate piers. Triple-arched structure, the arched sides with decorative pierced spandrels linked by pierced transverse girders. Above the arches, a broad band of triangular strutting, then a shallow band of similar design and then the arcaded parapet balustrading with moulded handrail. At the centre of the balustrade to the central arch, a plaque bearing the coat of arms of the Manchester Corporation and the inscription 'Manchester Corporation Water Works - 1892'. Intermediate piers with ashlar facings, and carved and domed cutwaters to north-west side. Springing stones for cast-iron arches above, projecting cornice at level of parapet base, and projecting moulded caps. Ashlar-faced abutments with the cornice at the same level as they occur in the piers, ashlar parapet and heavy moulded coping. Aqueduct deck divided into 3 longitudinal bays by intermediate metal strutting, and carrying 2 large-section water supply pipes, and subsidiary piping in third bay. A carefully-proportioned structure designed to harmonise with the adjacent road bridge, and a prominent component of one of the most ambitious of the late-C19 civic water supply projects, designed to supply Manchester with water from the Lake District."
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