St. Barbara, known in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Great Martyr Barbara, was an early Christian Greek saint and martyr. Accounts place her in the 3rd century in Heliopolis of Phoenicia, present-day Baalbek, Lebanon.There is no reference to her in the authentic early Christian writings nor in the original recension of Saint Jerome's martyrology. Her name can be traced to the 7th century, and veneration of her was common, especially in the East, from the 9th century.
Because of doubts about the historicity of her legend, she was removed from the General Roman Calendar in the 1969 revision, though not from the Catholic Church's list of saints.
Saint Barbara is often portrayed with miniature chains and a tower. As one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, Barbara continues to be a popular saint in modern times, perhaps best known as the patron saint of armourers, artillerymen, military engineers, miners and others who work with explosives because of her old legend's association with lightning, and also of mathematicians. Many of the thirteen miracles in a 15th-century French version of her story turn on the security she offered that her devotees would not die without making confession and receiving extreme unction.
The general attributes of sculpture of St. Barbara: Chalice and wafer, sword, cannon barrel
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Barbora z Nikomédie (též svatá Barbora), panna a mucednice, patrí ke ctrnácti svatým pomocníkum, vzývaným zvlášte v težkých chvílích, v minulosti napríklad pri morových epidemiích. Jejich spolecná památka se slaví 4. prosince. Svaté Barbore je zasveceno nekolik kostelu, z nichž nejznámejší je kutnohorský chrám svaté Barbory. Ackoli se o svaté Barbore zachovaly pouze kusé zprávy, katolická církev ji radí mezi svetce a mucedníky.
Svatá Barbora je uctívána jako ochránkyne proti smrti bleskem, požáry a vubec pred rizikem náhlé ci násilné smrti, je proto patronka havíru, delostrelcu, pyrotechniku, architektu, matematiku a dalších rizikových povolání a rovnež detí.
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Obecné atributy vyobrazení sv. Barbory: Kalich s hostií, vež se tremi okny, mec nebo kladivo, drobná figura otce Dioscura u jejích nohou, pochoden, páv, hlaven dela, mec; dalšími atributy jsou koruna, palmeta (palmová ratolest) a kniha.
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