Litomerické krematorium Richard / Crematorium Richard Litomerice (North Bohemia)
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member Dorcadion Team
N 50° 32.091 E 014° 06.914
33U E 437298 N 5598474
On the west boundary of town Litomerice is located monument one of many German Nazi' atrocities from WWII period - former crematorium built to facilitate the disposal of the bodies from the Richard mines & Litomerice forced labour concentration camp.
Waymark Code: WMV8G1
Location: Ústecký kraj, Czechia
Date Posted: 03/14/2017
Published By:Groundspeak Premium Member razalas
Views: 39

On the west boundary of town Litomerice is located monument one of many German Nazi' atrocities from WWII period - former crematorium built to facilitate the disposal of the bodies from the Richard mines & Litomerice forced labour concentration camp.

During the final phase of World War II, German National Socialist authorities decided to move large parts of their arms production underground to protect it from Allied air raids. From the spring of 1944 on, the Litomerice underground limestone quarry was converted into a production site and a satellite camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp was established there. Two large undertakings were to be put into action: tank engines were to be assembled in the »Richard I« quarry, while the »Richard II« was to accommodate production for the Berlin-based Osram company.

The first transport of 500 prisoners from the Dachau concentration camp arrived at Litomerice on March 24, 1944. Due to a lack of housing, the prisoners were lodged in the Small Fortress - the Gestapo prison at Theresienstadt - 7 km away from Litomerice . In the summer of 1944, the prisoners constructed a barrack camp in close vicinity of the quarries. A total of 18 000 passed through the Litomerice camp, most of them having arrived from the main camp at Flossenbürg as well as from the Groß-Rosen, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Dachau concentration camps. About half of the prisoners were Poles; other large prisoner groups came from the Soviet Union, Germany, Hungary, France and Yugoslavia. The SS deported about 4 000 Jews to Litomerice, most of them from Poland, but also from Hungary. From February 1945 on, several hundred women also had to conduct forced labour at Litomerice.

The death rate at the camp was very high due to atrocious living conditions and disease epidemics. Arms production frequently came to a halt because of the prisoners' poor health. In April 1945, the SS began dissolving the camp under chaotic circumstances. About 1 200 prisoners were left behind at the camp and liberated by the Red Army during the final days of war.


Krematorium Richard v Litomericích se nachází na západním predmestí jižne od cihelny, v bývalém areálu koncentracního tábora a podzemních továren a dolu Richard. Spolu s tímto areálem je chráneno jako nemovitá kulturní památka Ceské republiky.

V litomerickém koncentracním tábore zemrelo za jediný rok kolem 4 500 veznu, kdy v období zimy 1944 a jara 1945 zde propukla tyfová epidemie. Mrtví byli zpocátku zpopelnováni v krematoriích v Ústí nad Labem a Terezíne. To však pri tak velkém poctu zemrelých nestacilo, proto bylo rozhodnuto o stavbe krematoria poblíž tábora. Byl vybrán jeden z objektu litomerické cihelny – bývalá sušárna cihel, od tábora vzdálená približne jeden kilometr. Stavba byla zahájena v únoru 1945, její plán byl pripraven firmou architekta Naumanna. Stavbu provádela pracovní skupina firmy BSA složená z totálne nasazených civilních delníku a veznu litomerického tábora. Výstavba budov trvala od zacátku února do poloviny brezna 1945, kdy bylo krematorium uvedeno do zkušebního provozu. Poté byl v dubnu 1945 zahájen trvalý provoz.

V malé, nenápadné stavbe byl pri spalování mrtvých zajatcu kour odváden podzemním kanálem do komína cihelny a smíchán s jejím kourem. Vedle místnosti s pecemi byla v menší místnosti ukládána tela mrtvých. Tyto prostory mely betonovou obdélníkovou plochu s mírne sklonenou podlahou, na kterou byla tela rovnána. Bylo uvažováno zrídit zde také pitevnu, ale zámer nebyl dokoncen.

V krematoriu dohlížel velitel SS Obersturmführer Huber z velitelství KT Litomerice. Dozorci obsluhujícímu krematorium bylo prideleno komando peti veznu. Po válce se z jeho soukromých zápisku zjistilo, že zde bylo spáleno približne 405 tel. Poslední zpopelnení zde probehlo 2. a 3. kvetna 1945 po velké poprave v terezínské Malé pevnosti. Popel zemrelých byl venku pred budovou drcen na drobnejší cásti, zpocátku vysypáván na cestu u krematoria a pozdeji sypán do jámy vedle krematoria. [wiki]

Wikipedia Url: [Web Link]

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