Flora T. Howland (
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Some Memorable Events during her Birth Year (1863):
* January 1 - Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's four million slaves, and immediately frees 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advance.
* January 8 - Ground is broken in Sacramento, California, on the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States.
* February 17 – First meeting of the "Committee of the Five" in Geneva, Switzerland, regarded as the foundation of the International Committee of the Red Cross, following the lead of humanitarian businessman Henry Dunant.
* June 20 – West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
* July 1–3 – American Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg – Union forces under George G. Meade turn back a Confederate invasion by Robert E. Lee in the largest battle of the war (28,000 Confederate casualties, 23,000 Union).
* October 3 – US President Lincoln proclaims a national Thanksgiving day to be celebrated the final Thursday in November in the United States.
* November 19 – American Civil War: U. S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the military cemetery dedication ceremony in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
* December 19 - Linoleum patented in the United Kingdom.
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Some Memorable Events during her Death Year (1964):
* January 11 – United States Surgeon General Luther Terry reports that smoking may be hazardous to one's health (the first such statement from the U.S. government).
* January 16 - Musical Hello, Dolly! opens in New York's St. James Theatre.
* January 18 – Plans to build the New York City World Trade Center are announced.
* February 1 – The Beatles vault to the #1 spot on the U.S. singles charts for the first time, with "I Want to Hold Your Hand", starting the British Invasion in America.
* February 9 – The Beatles appear on The Ed Sullivan Show, marking their first live performance on American television. Seen by an estimated 73 million viewers, the appearance becomes the catalyst for the mid-1960s "British Invasion" of American popular music.
* March 14 – A Dallas, Texas jury finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
* March 15 – Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor marry (for the first time) in Montreal.
* March 14 – A Dallas, Texas jury finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
March 15 – Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor marry (for the first time) in Montreal.
* April 13 - Sidney Poitier is the first African-American to win an Academy Award in the category Best Actor in a Leading Role in Lilies of the Field.
* June 12 - Nelson Mandela and 7 others are sentenced to life imprisonment in South Africa, and sent to the Robben Island prison.
* July 8 – U.S. military personnel announce that U.S. casualties in Vietnam have risen to 1,387, including 399 dead and 17 MIA.
* September 11 – In Jacksonville, Florida, John Lennon announces that the Beatles will not play to a segregated audience.
* December 10 – Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway.
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