FIRST - Town to Integrate Schools in Texas - Friona, TX
Posted by: 
YoSam.
N 34° 38.293 W 102° 43.215
13S E 708962 N 3835287
First school in Texas to integrate the races, in 1954.
Waymark Code: WMTDG8
Location: Texas, United States
Date Posted: 11/06/2016
Views: 2
County of Marker: Parmer County
Location of Marker: 8th St. & Euclid St., Friona
Marker Erected by: Texas Historical Commission
Date Marker Erected: 2006
Marker Text:
FRIONA SCHOOLS
Friona has the distinction of being the first town in Texas to integrate its schools. The first school opened on this site in 1908 in a one-room frame building, with Roxie Witherspoon teaching 18 pupils. A two-story brick school finished in 1911 burned after being struck by lightning in 1922. A new two-story brick high school opened in 1924. Attendance grew in the 1940s, when rural schools at Lakeview, Messenger, Black and Rhea consolidated with Friona.
"The school achieved its greatest fame in 1954. Racial segregation of schoolchildren was considered legal in the 20th century, reaffirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. On May 17, 1954, the court overturned the decision, declaring segregation unconsitutional in Brown v. Board of Education. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote, "we conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place." Federal and state government moved slowly to implement change, but in Friona, progress would not wait.
"The Robert Walker, Jr. family came to town in September 1954. When Superintendent Dalton Caffey chose to enroll Walker's three African American sons in Friona's only school, he quietly achieved the first integrated public school in Texas. Caffey then informed the school board of his decision, and things generally went smoothly for the school and new students. The Walkers moved away during the school year, and in the spring of 1955 three more African American students attended school here. Since that watershed year, Friona schools have continued to uphold Caffey's wish for equal educational opportunity.
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