I (Mama Blaster) was a student at the University of Texas when Paul Cullen poisoned the Treaty Oak.
The Treaty Oak is said to be the last of a stand of 14 majestic live oak trees known as the Council Oaks, which had been used as meeting grounds by indigenous Indian tribes for centuries before the arrival of white settlers. In Texas myth, Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas", signed a boundary agreement in the 1830s under its branches with local Comanche Indian tribes.
In 1927 the American Forestry Association recognized it for beauty and longevity.
In 1989, this tree, which had stood for 500 years, was poisoned by a troubled drifter and ex-convict named Paul Cullen. He poured Velpar, a powerful herbicide, around the tree. Once the poisoning became apparent, a massive effort to save the tree and find the vandal ensued. Cullen was identified as the poisoner by friends who told the police he had bragged of doing it.
Austinites were so enraged by this environmental crime that the Travis County District Attorney, who brought felony criminal mischief charges against Cullen, had to agree to a change of venue. Community outrage was so strong in Austin, that there was no way Cullen could get a fair trial. Tried and found guilty by a jury in Houston, Cullen was sentenced to 9 years in prison, but was paroled after three years. He died in 2001, and is buried next to his parents in Ohio.
In 1989 this article was reprinted in the LA Times from the Washington Post: (
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"500-Year-Old Beloved Charter Oak Was Attacked With a Powerful Herbicide : Accused Texas Tree Vandal Lived a Loner's Life of Hostility and Anger
July 16, 1989|DAVID MARANISS | The Washington Post
AUSTIN, Tex. — When Paul Stedman Cullen was handcuffed and taken to Travis County jail June 29, other prisoners gave him the treatment usually reserved for child molesters. They taunted him. Prosecutors said they might seek a measure of punishment for Cullen more commonly associated with murderers: life in prison. Such is the level of hostility here toward a man suspected of harming not a human being but a tree--the majestic, 500-year-old Treaty Oak, a shrine of Texas history and myth.
For Cullen, 45, that sort of rejection is nothing new. The prized tree that he is accused of poisoning has become a symbol of the vulnerability of all living things, but Cullen provides an unsettling human dimension to that notion. Since his teen-age years in northern Virginia, when he lived in an expensive brick house in McLean and rebelled against his father, Paul S. Cullen, an Army colonel, his life has been shaped by alienation, cynicism, loneliness, alcoholism, drug abuse and prison.
Two Stereotypes
Old friends and classmates from the McLean High School class of 1962 remember Cullen as fitting one of the two flip-side stereotypes of Army brats who populated schools near the Pentagon: They were either very good and strait-laced or rebellious and troubled. He was the latter.
Cullen had a tattoo on his arm--a coiled snake--that he told friends represented his membership in a gang when his father was stationed in Germany. But he also wrote poetry--brilliant and bizarre, according to one classmate--and could speak eloquently on the symbolism of William Cullen Bryant and Walt Whitman.
Cullen was an occasional member of a youth group that met on Sunday nights at Lewinsville Presbyterian Church in McLean. A woman who dated him when he was 16 described him as "a real loner, an outcast" constantly at odds with his father.
"His father was extremely rigid, authoritarian, an inflexible kind of person," said this woman, now wife of a minister in Nashville. "Paul felt he could never meet his father's expectations. He went off in the opposite direction, and his father washed his hands of him. My one memory of being in their house is his father screaming at him from another room."
During his junior year in high school, Cullen left home and lived with the family of the church's minister, John Graham. "He was a very cynical young man," said Graham, now retired and living in South Carolina. "When he came to us, it was with the attitude that he was doing me a favor, making me feel like a Good Samaritan by letting him live with us. He had a good mind, but he was very angry."
Graham and the former girlfriend described Cullen as a heavy drinker, probably an alcoholic, before he reached 18.
The minister said he will never forget the Christmas card he received from the Cullen family the year Paul lived with him. "The father wrote it, and it was one of those cards that spoke of the accomplishments of every member of the family, the parents and Paul's younger sister." he said. "But there was absolutely no mention of Paul. None. As though he did not exist."
The father, Paul S. Cullen, retired from the Army in 1970 and now lives in Lawton, Okla. "I have no statement to make about my son," he said over the telephone.
Criminal Record
The younger Cullen's criminal record began the year after he left high school. He was arrested in Cincinnati on a loitering charge. Within a year came a public drunkenness arrest in Show Low, Ariz., and a breaking and entering conviction in Fairfax County, Va., that sent him to the state prison in Richmond for 18 months.
When his time was up in Richmond, he moved to California. There he was married and had a daughter. The marriage was brief, but Cullen stayed in California for most of the next decade, spending part in Los Angeles, part in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco.
He was arrested and convicted four times in California--twice for drunk driving, twice for marijuana possession. In each case, he received a suspended sentence, probation and a small fine.
At the dawn of the 1980s, Cullen arrived in Austin and began efforts to straighten out his life. He attended Capitol City Trade School and earned a diploma in drafting. Later, resumes indicate that he worked briefly as a draftsman for the city of Austin, but city clerks say they have no record of his employment. He worked briefly for two local companies before being arrested late one night in March, 1983, after breaking into a drugstore, where police found him with a pocketful of narcotics.
Cullen received probation on that conviction. He worked as a carpenter supervisor for the Job Corps in San Marcos, Tex., later that year and then hit a stretch of unemployment before landing a job with the Austin Humane Society in 1986. During that period, he lived in a one-room shack in south Austin. "It was dirty and had foul smells, and I don't know how anyone could have lived there," said Mike Cantu, who worked with him on the night shift at the animal shelter.
Cantu said Cullen would come to work drunk. "That's the reason he was eventually terminated," Cantu said. "He talked of strange things, off-the-wall things. One minute he could be talking about how all teen-agers should be killed, and I couldn't tell if he was serious or joking, and the next minute he would recite a poem. And he was very good with people who came to the shelter. He would show real compassion. He liked animals and spent most of his time with them, especially the ones that were desperately needing to be held, those needing the most attention."
Prison Camp
Soon after Cullen lost his job at the Humane Society, his probation was revoked and he was sent to a Texas prison camp. There, according to police sources, he joined a prison gang known as the Aryan Brotherhood, which is associated with the white supremacist group Aryan Nations.
When he was freed, Cullen visited Cantu at the animal shelter in downtown Austin. "I remember him showing up one night and bragging that he'd just got out of prison," Cantu said. "He said he liked prison and wanted to go back. I guess he liked the three meals a day and a place to stay and being part of a group."
On March 15, 1988, Cullen was invited by Cora Pearson, 87, matron of Pearson's Farm & Ranch Supply in rural Elroy, to live on the family ranch. Cullen had met the Pearson family through a relative who attended trade school with him. His new home was the unhooked trailer of a big truck parked near the feed bin. He had a sofa, bed, lamp, some books, three maps on the walls and the companionship of his Australian cattle dog, Pummelshoot.
Cullen worked in the store when Cora's son, Edsel, was slowed by a heart ailment last year. He also helped around the house, washing dishes for the old woman and mopping her floors. Edsel Pearson described Cullen as "an ordinary kind of guy, never a guy who would hurt anything."
Six months ago, Cullen, who had become addicted to heroin, began a recovery effort at a diagnostic clinic in Austin. Every morning at 6, he got into his blue pickup truck and drove 12 miles to the city, where he took a dose of methadone, a synthetic narcotic used as a withdrawal substitute for heroin addicts.
Austin law-enforcement officials say that it was after one of his morning trips that Cullen drove around the city with a can of Velpar, a potent chemical herbicide, and ended up at Treaty Oak, where he spread the chemical in the pattern of a ritual curse involving unrequited love."
Treaty Oak struggled, but survived. Nearly 60% of it was cut away in a desperate effort to save that was left. It looked hopeless, and arborists told the community that it was just a matter of time before the tree died. But in 1997, Treaty Oak produced the first crop of acorns since the poisoning. Today (2015) Treaty Oak is a survivor, diminished, but still standing strong.