David Thomas Pitt, Baron Pitt of Hampstead, of Hampstead in Greater London and Hampstead in Grenada (3 October 1913 – 18 December 1994) was a British politician, general practitioner and political activist. Born in Grenada, he was one of the first peers of African descent, sitting in the House of Lords from 1975.
Born in St. David's, Grenada, Pitt won a scholarship to come to Britain in 1933 to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he was an active member of Edinburgh University Socialist Society. Whilst he went on to graduate with honours. He was always concerned for broader social issues. He witnessed the poverty of the working classes in the slums of Edinburgh and saw similarities to the rural poverty he witnessed as a child. Nicholas Rea, in the British Medical Journal, said of David, “it was in the slums of Edinburgh as much as in the Caribbean that he became convinced of the links between poverty, disadvantage, and ill health”. In 1936, he joined the Labour movement.
He returned to the Caribbean to begin his medical career, founding his own practice and in 1943 married (Lady) Dorothy. His passion for social justice continued alongside his medical career. In 1941, he had been elected to the San Fernando Borough Council and then in 1943, Pitt became a founding member and leader of the West Indian National Party (WINP) – a socialist party whose main aim was to deliver political autonomy across the Caribbean. Under Pitt, the party demanded self-government for Trinidad and Tobago, constitutional reform and the nationalisation of commodities industries such as oil and sugar.
After decades of campaigning, the people of Trinidad and Tobago were granted universal adult suffrage by the British Parliament in 1945. The first elections took place in 1946. WINP and others formed the United Front with Pitt as one of the candidates. He was not successful but he continued his activism and in 1947 led a group of WINP members to Britain to lobby the Clement Atlee Government for Commonwealth status for a Federation of the West Indies.
In 1947, he again travelled to Britain and settled in London. He opened a medical practice in the Euston area of London, and he treated both white and black patients.
In the 1959 general election, he was the first person of African descent to be a parliamentary candidate, standing as the Labour candidate for the north London constituency of Hampstead. In this election, issues of race were injected into the campaign, and he was defeated by the Conservative candidate, Henry Brooke. During the course of the campaign, Pitt received racist death threats, as did his family; however, despite the racist abuse, Pitt refused to withdraw from the contest. He subsequently founded the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination, Britain's first civil rights organization.
Two years later, in 1961, he was elected to the London County Council (LCC) as member for Hackney and served on the LCC and its successor, the Greater London Council (GLC), until 1975; he was the first minority candidate to be elected to this position in local government. He was deputy chair of the GLC from 1969 to 1970, and in 1974 he was the first black person to become chair of the GLC.
Pitt's second attempt to be elected as an MP came in 1970, when he was the Labour candidate for Clapham. Although this had been seen as a safe seat for Labour, the Conservative William Shelton was elected. Enoch Powell was simultaneously campaigning on ending immigration; consequently, many believe that racism was a factor in this general election defeat as well.
In 1975, the Prime Minister, Harold Wilson, recommended Pitt's appointment to the House of Lords as a life peer, and he was created Baron Pitt of Hampstead, of Hampstead in Greater London and of Hampstead in Grenada on 3 February 1975. As a member of the House of Lords, he played a leading role in campaigning for the Race Relations Act 1976. He was a leader in the movement against apartheid in South Africa.
Pitt was described as a black radical for suggesting that more ethnic minorities to put themselves forward to become police officers; this, ironically, angered many in the black community who felt that the police were institutionally racist. Lord Pitt is quoted as saying: "Some black people regard me as an Uncle Tom, while some whites regard me as a Black Power revolutionary. So I imagine I got it about right."
From 1985 to 1986, Pitt was the president of the British Medical Association, which he described as his most valued honour.
In 2004, he was named as one of 100 Great Black Britons, as part of Black History Month.