"Description Brandon Court House And Jail
The Brandon Court House and Jail, a handsome Italianate-inspired brick structure built in 1883, is a provincially designated site. Perched impressively on a piece of land with an expansive view of the northerly Assiniboine River valley, the renovated court house-jail is now a dominant feature of Rideau Park Personal Care Home, an adjoining modern low-rise complex that faces south to Victoria Avenue, a major Brandon thoroughfare. The site's designation applies to the 2 1/2-storey court house and the parcel of land on which it sits.
Heritage Value
The grand Brandon Court House and Jail, with its fine Italianate detailing and intricate brickwork, is the oldest remaining court house on the Prairies. Built as the headquarters of the newly created Western Judicial District, this facility cemented Brandon's importance as a major regional centre in Manitoba. The sturdy structure, designed by C. Osborn Wickenden, proved well-adapted to its roles over the decades, being remodelled solely for jail use in 1910 and serving as a detention centre until 1979. It continues in institutional use, its lofty second-floor courtroom now functioning as meeting space for the Rideau Park Personal Care Home.
Source: Manitoba Heritage Council Building Screening Committee Minutes, April 10, 1984
Character-Defining Elements
Key elements that define the heritage character of the site include:
- placement of the structure at the northwest corner of Victoria Avenue and Franklin Street in Brandon's east end, facing Rideau Park and the Assiniboine River valley to the north
Key elements of the external Italianate character of the Brandon Court House and Jail include:
- the symmetrical form and square plan, executed in brick and stone, and given vertical emphasis through a raised basement, low-pitched truncated hip roof, two-storey frontispiece, projecting two-storey side bays topped by pediments, and five prominent brick chimneys with corbelled caps
- multiple segmental- and round-arched windows, including a large semi-circular opening in the second floor of the frontispiece, highlighted by decorative stone- and brickwork, all topped by a pressed metal pediment
- the formal classical ornamentation, including the rusticated base; attached corner pilasters; paired pilasters between the front second-storey windows; a rusticated stone band that wraps around the front and sides, and a brick belt course that extends around all elevations; voussoirs, keystones and corbelled brickwork above windows and doors; a continuous cornice with brick-corbelled dentils; etc.
Key elements that recall the building's original functions include:
- the west-side doorway with a limestone pediment that displays Manitoba's crest and the words 'PROVINCIAL GAOL' (an English spelling of 'Jail'), and the second-floor courtroom with its high coffered ceiling
Key elements that define the internal character of the building include:
- the main-floor central hall with a 2.44-metre-wide vestibule and the oak and walnut staircase
-- Source
An historical marker at the site provides the following additional information:
Brandon's importance as a major centre in southwestern Manitoba was confirmed when it was selected in l883 as the headquarters for the newly created Western Judicial District of Manitoba. The Brandon Court House and Gaol was designed by C. Osborn Wickenden, architect of the Winnipeg (l883) and Neepawa (l884) court buildings. The skill of the architect and craftsmen is evident in the fine architectural detailing and intricate brickwork. Officially opened in March l884, this Italianate-inspired structure is the oldest remaining court house on the Prairies. Completion of this structure ushered in an early stage of substantial government building construction in Manitoba.
When the new Brandon Court House opened on Princess Avenue in l9l0, this structure was remodelled for gaol facilities. It served as a detention centre in l979. The gaol was demolished in l985. The renovated court house is now the Rideau Park Personal Care Home.