What is the capacity of the facility?: 1,5-2,5 million m3/year
Describe the biological treatment technology used.:
Pretreatment In the first set of treatments, known as pre-treatment or primary treatment, sewage is subject to the processes of separation of the coarser solids such as disking can be composed of coarse grids, fine grids and / or rotating screens, the desanding in sandboxes and degreasing in so-called grease traps or pre-decanters. At this stage, the sewage is thus prepared for subsequent processing stages and may be subject to a pre-aeration and a flow equalization so as pollutants or waste loads.
Although primary treatment of sewage present a slightly more reasonable time after the pre-treatment still has its characteristics almost unchanged polluters. It follows, therefore, the treatment itself. The first phase of treatment is called primary treatment, where the pollutant matter is separated from water by sedimentation in sediment primary. This process only physical action can in some cases, be helped by the addition of chemical agents through a coagulation / flocculation may be obtained from flakes of raw pollutant larger and thus more easily decantáveis.
After primary treatment, the matter remains that pollutant in water is small size, usually consisting of colloids, and therefore not liable to be removed by exclusively physical-chemical. The efficiency of primary treatment can reach 60% or more depending on the type of treatment and the operation of the WWTP.
Secondary treatment follows, therefore, the process called secondary treatment, usually consisting of a biological process, the type of activated sludge or trickling filter type, where the organic matter (polluting) is consumed by micro-organisms in biological reactors called. These reactors are usually in tanks with large amounts of aerobic micro-organisms, which means that the need to promote their aeration. The sewage out of [biological reactor] contains a large number of microorganisms, with very little organic matter remaining. The efficiency of a secondary treatment can reach 95% or more depending on the operation of the WWTP. The micro-organisms are then in a process called sedimentation sedimentary (clarifiers) side.
Completed secondary treatment, the treated wastewater present a low level of pollution by organic matter, being in most cases, being dumped in the receiving environment.
Usually tertiary treatment before final discharge into receiving water body, it is necessary to disinfect the treated wastewater for the removal of pathogenic organisms or, in special cases, the removal of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus, which can potentiate alone and / or collectively, the eutrophication of receiving waters.
Nutrient Removal Sewage can contain high levels of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The emission in excess of these can lead to accumulation of nutrients, a phenomenon called eutrophication, which encourages excessive growth (called bloom) of algae and cyanobacteria (blue algae). Most of these algae dies, but the decomposition of the same bacteria removes oxygen from the water and most fish die. In addition, some algal species produce toxins that contaminate drinking water sources (called cyanotoxins).
There are different processes to remove nitrogen and phosphorus:
The Denitrification requires anoxic conditions (without oxygen) to the biological communities appropriate to form. Denitrification is facilitated by a large number of bacteria. Methods filter sand, polishing pond, etc.. can reduce the amount of nitrogen. The activated sludge process, if well designed, can also reduce a significant part of nitrogen.
The removal of phosphorus, which can be made by chemical precipitation, usually with iron salts (eg ferric chloride) or aluminum (eg aluminum sulfate). The resulting chemical sludge is difficult to treat and use of chemicals becomes expensive. Despite this, chemical phosphorus removal requires much smaller than the equipment used for biological removal.
Disinfection Disinfection of treated wastewater
How are biosolids (sludge) managed?: The sludge is used to create
What technology is used for disinfection prior to dicharge of treated water?: I'm not sure, but I think there is no explicite disinfection. There is nothing about it in the documentations.
Who is the owner/operator fo the facility?: Camera Municipal de Caldas da RAINHA
How is the facility governed?: Not listed
What is the website of the WWTP?: Not listed
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