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Saint Teresa of Ávila, born Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus (28 March 1515 – 4 October 1582), was a Spanish noblewoman who chose a monastic life in the Catholic Church. A Carmelite nun, prominent Spanish mystic, religious reformer, author, theologian of the contemplative life and mental prayer, she earned the rare distinction of being declared a Doctor of the Church over four centuries after her death.[5] Active during the Counter-Reformation, she reformed the Carmelite Orders of both women and men. The movement she initiated was later joined by the younger Spanish Carmelite friar and mystic, Saint John of the Cross. It led eventually to the establishment of the Discalced Carmelites. A formal papal decree adopting the split was issued in 1580.
Teresa, who had been a social celebrity in her home province, was dogged by early family losses and ill health. In her mature years, she became the central figure of a movement of spiritual and monastic renewal borne out of an inner conviction and honed by ascetic practice. She was also at the centre of deep ecclesiastical controversy as she took on the pervasive laxity in her order against the background of the Protestant reformation sweeping over Europe and the Spanish Inquisition asserting church discipline in her home country. The consequences were to last well beyond her life.
Forty years after her death in 1622, Teresa was canonized by Pope Gregory XV. At the time she was considered a candidate for national patron saint of Spain, but lost out to St. James the Apostle. She has since become one of the patron saints of Spain.
Her written contributions, which include her autobiography, The Life of Teresa of Jesus and her seminal work The Interior Castle, are today an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature. Together with The Way of Perfection, her works form part of the Literary canon of Christian mysticism and Christian meditation practice, and continue to attract interest from people both within and outside the Catholic Church.
However, not until 27 September 1970 did Pope Paul VI proclaim Teresa a Doctor of the Church in recognition of her centuries-long spiritual legacy to Catholicism.
Other associations with Teresa beyond her writings continue to exert a wide influence. A Santero image of the Immaculate Conception of El Viejo said to have been sent by her with a brother emigrating to Peru, was canonically crowned by Pope John Paul II on December 28, 1989 at the Shrine of El Viejo in Nicaragua.
Another Catholic tradition holds that Saint Teresa is personally associated with devotion to the Infant Jesus of Prague, a statue she may have owned. Since her death, her reputation has grown, leading to multiple portrayals. She continues to be widely noted as inspiration to philosophers, theologians, historians, neurologists, fiction writers, artists as well as countless ordinary people interested in Christian spirituality and mysticism.
Speaking to pilgrims from Avila in October 1981, Pope John Paul II said: "It is necessary for the rich legacy left by Teresa of Jesus to be deeply reconsidered so that it can effect a renewal of the inner life of your nation and thereby influence the renewal of life in the entire church in all its aspects. The giant figure of the Great Teresa should act as a strong encouragement in that direction not only on a local or national scale but also on a universal scale".
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Magyar: Ávilai Nagy Szent Teréz-plébániatemplom. Kasselik Fidél, 1801-1811. Bovítette Ybl Miklós, 1871. A tornya kilátóként is muködik. Altemplomában (kripta) nyugszik többek között az építész, Kasselik Fidél, valamint Palócz László és Boráros János. - Magyarország, Budapest, Terézváros, Petho Sándor u. 2 (Fobejárat Nagymezo utca felol). A DK-i homlokzata a Király utcára néz.
EN (Translation):
Ávila Great Parish Church of St. Teresa. Fidél Kassel, 1801-1811. Expanded by Miklós Ybl, 1871. The tower also functions as a lookout tower. Inside his church (crypt) lie the architect, Fidél Kasselik, László Palócz and János Boráros. - Hungary, Budapest, Terézváros, Petho Sándor u. 2 (Main entrance from Nagymezo Street). The south-facing facade faces Király Street.
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"Miután a plébánia közössége kinotte a Schopek Ferencné által adományozott fa kápolnát, 1801-ben indul meg Kasselik Fidél tervei alapján a templom építése a Szentlélek tiszteletére. 1809-re az építmény már használhatóvá válik. 1811-ben készítette el Dunaiszky Lorinc a templom homlokzatát díszíto Szent Teréz szobrot. A belso kialakítás Pollack Mihály terve alapján történik 1824-31 között. A toronysisak Ybl Miklós alkotása (1871). Rudnay Sándor hercegprímás rendeletére 1822-ben a muemlék templom (1215 m2) titulusát Avilai Szent Terézre változtatják. A fooltárképet Schoefft József Károly festette, 1828 táján.
1888. október 24-én renoválás és a belso berendezés befejezése (oltár-kandeláberek stb.) után Simor János hercegprímás ismét megáldja a templomot.
1962-ben a tetoszerkezet súlyosan megsérül, ezért a templom mindkét oldalán négy-négy betonoszlopot építettek a falba és arra betongyurut helyeztek, amin a tetoszerkezet áll. A belso felújítás 1972?1982 között történt. A templom 4 évre ütemezett külso felújítása 1997-ben kezdodött el. Ennek során az elso évben elkészült a torony és a fohomlokzat helyreállítása. A külso felújítást követte az altemplom több lépcsoben történo kialakítása, amellyel egybekötve a padlófutés is megvalósult a templomban.
A templom az 1997. évi LIV. törvény alapján 15 526. törzsszám alatt II. kategóriába sorolt muemlék."
EN (Translation):
"After the parish community overgrown the wooden chapel donated by Ferenc Schopek, construction of the church in honor of the Holy Spirit began in 1801, according to plans by Fidel Kassel. By 1809 the building became operational. In 1811 Lorinc Dunaiszky made the statue of St. Teresa decorating the façade of the church. The interior was designed by Michael Pollack between 1824-31. The tower tower was created by Miklós Ybl (1871). In 1822, under the decree of Prince Alexander Rudnay, the title of the historic church (1215 m2) was changed to Saint Teresa of Avila. The main altar picture was painted by Schoefft József Károly around 1828.
On October 24, 1888, after the renovation and completion of the interior (altar candelabra, etc.), Prince Simor blesses the church again.
In 1962, the roof structure was severely damaged, so four concrete pillars were placed on each side of the temple and a concrete ring was placed on the roof. The interior was renovated between 1972 and 1982. The exterior renovation of the church, scheduled for 4 years, began in 1997. During this first year, the tower and the facade were restored. The exterior renovation was followed by the construction of the lower church in several steps, which combined with the underfloor heating in the church.
The church was built in 1997 by LIV. under Act No. 15,526 under II. listed monuments."